User Extract usa

Title Statement
Title:	Codebook for an IPUMS-USA Data Extract
Subtitle:	DDI 2.5 metadata describing the extract file 'usa_00002.dat'
Identification Number:	ddi2-fa84af40-2b0a-013a-33fb-0242c0a82003-usa_00002.dat-usa.ipums.org
Responsibility Statement
Authoring Entity:	IPUMS
Affiliation:	University of Minnesota
Production Statement
Producer:	IPUMS
Affiliation:	University of Minnesota
Role:	Documentation
Date of Production:	November 19, 2021
Place of Production:	IPUMS, 50 Willey Hall, 225 - 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455
Distribution Statement
Contact Persons:	IPUMS
Affiliation:	University of Minnesota
URI:	https://ipums.org

Title Statement
Title:	User Extract usa_00002.dat
Responsibility Statement
Authoring Entity:	IPUMS
Affiliation:	University of Minnesota
Production Statement
Producer:	IPUMS
Affiliation:	University of Minnesota
Role:	Documentation
Date of Production:	November 19, 2021
Place of Production:	IPUMS, 50 Willey Hall, 225 - 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455
Distribution Statement
Contact Persons:	IPUMS
Affiliation:	University of Minnesota
URI:	https://ipums.org
Version Statement
Date:	2021-11-19

Subject Information
Topic Classification:	Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
	Geographic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
	Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
	Economic Characteristic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
	Appliances, Mechanical, Other Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
	Technical Variables -- PERSON
	Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON
	Demographic Variables -- PERSON
	Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON
	Health Insurance Variables -- PERSON
	Education Variables -- PERSON
	Work Variables -- PERSON
	Income Variables -- PERSON
	Occupational Standing - SES Variables -- PERSON
	Place of Work and Travel Time Variables -- PERSON
Summary Data Description
Time Period:	2019
Country:	United States
Notes
Note:	Additional notes on a sample that is part of this study: 2015-2019, ACS 5-year Density of the full data file: 5.0% Density of this extract: 5.0%

Confidentiality Declaration
None
Contact Persons:	IPUMS-USA
Affiliation:	IPUMS
URI:	http://usa.ipums.org
Citation Requirement
Publications and research reports based on the IPUMS-USA database must cite it appropriately. The citation should include the following: Steven Ruggles, Sarah Flood, Sophia Foster, Ronald Goeken, Jose Pacas, Megan Schouweiler and Matthew Sobek. IPUMS USA: Version 11.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2021. https://doi.org/10.18128/D010.V11.0 The licensing agreement for use of IPUMS-USA data requires that users supply us with the title and full citation for any publications, research reports, or educational materials making use of the data or documentation. Please add your citation to the IPUMS bibliography at http://bibliography.ipums.org/.
Conditions
Users of IPUMS-USA data must agree to abide by the conditions of use. A user's license is valid for one year and may be renewed. Users must agree to the following conditions: (1) No fees may be charged for use or distribution of the data. (2) Cite IPUMS appropriately. For information on proper citation, refer to the citation requirement section of this DDI document. (3) Tell us about any work you do using the IPUMS. Publications, research reports, or presentations making use of IPUMS-USA should be added to our Bibliography. Continued funding for the IPUMS depends on our ability to show our sponsor agencies that researchers are using the data for productive purposes. (4) The IPUMS cannot be used for genealogical research (5) It is difficult to use the IPUMS to study small geographic areas. In the IPUMS census samples for years 1940-present, no places having a population of fewer than 100,000 persons can be identified. (6) Use it for GOOD -- never for EVIL. (7) Please notify ipums@umn.edu regarding errors in the data or documentation.
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.

Notes
Note:	User-provided description: Revision of (New York demographic data for analysis of COVID-19 transmission dynamics)
	This extract is a revision of the user's previous extract, ID 13316045.

File Name:	usa_00002.dat
Contents of Files:	Microdata records
Type:	rectangular
File Type:	ISO-8859-1 data file
Data Format:	fixed length fields
Place of File Production:	IPUMS, 50 Willey Hall, 225 - 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455

Variable: "YEAR"

Name:

YEAR

Label:

Census year

Variable Text:

YEAR reports the four-digit year when the household was enumerated or included in the census, the ACS, and the PRCS.

For the multi-year ACS/PRCS samples, YEAR indicates the last year of data included (e.g., 2007 for the 2005-2007 3-year ACS/PRCS; 2008 for the 2006-2008 3-year ACS/PRCS; and so on). For the actual year of survey in these multi-year data, see MULTYEAR.

Concept:

Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

1

End Position:

4

Width:

4

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
1850	1850
1860	1860
1870	1870
1880	1880
1900	1900
1910	1910
1920	1920
1930	1930
1940	1940
1950	1950
1960	1960
1970	1970
1980	1980
1990	1990
2000	2000
2001	2001
2002	2002
2003	2003
2004	2004
2005	2005
2006	2006
2007	2007
2008	2008
2009	2009
2010	2010
2011	2011
2012	2012
2013	2013
2014	2014
2015	2015
2016	2016
2017	2017
2018	2018
2019	2019

Variable: "MULTYEAR"

Name:	MULTYEAR
Label:	Actual year of survey, multi-year ACS/PRCS
Variable Text:	MULTYEAR identifies the actual year of survey in multi-year ACS/PRCS samples. For example, the 3-year ACS and PRCS data files each include cases from three single-year files. For these multi-year samples, the YEAR variable identifies the last year of data (2007 for the 2005-2007 3-year data; 2008 for the 2006-2008 data; and so on). MULTYEAR gives the single-year sample from which the case was drawn (2005, 2006, or 2007 for the 2005-2007 3-year data; 2006, 2007, or 2008 for the 2006-2008 3-year data; and so on).
Concept:	Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
Start Position:	5
End Position:	8
Width:	4
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesThis variable is valid only for multi-year ACS and PRCS samples. MULTYEAR is a 4-digit numeric variable which reports the actual year of survey in multi-year ACS/PRCS samples. MULTYEAR specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below if applicable by Census year (and data sample if specified).

Variable: "SAMPLE"

Name:

SAMPLE

Label:

IPUMS sample identifier

Variable Text:

SAMPLE identifies the IPUMS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 6-digit code. The codes are structured as follows:

The first four digits are the year of the census/survey.

The next two digits identify the sample within the year.
For most censuses, IPUMS has multiple datasets which were constructed using different sampling techniques (i.e. size/demographic of the sample population, geographic coverage level or location, or duration of the sampling period for the ACS/PRCS samples).

The availability table for each variable indicates whether that variable is available in only certain samples for a given year. For further discussion of sample differences, see "Sample Designs.".

Note: SAMPLE replaces DATANUM. Though the last two digits in SAMPLE do not correlate exactly with the now-deprecated DATANUM, the variable serves the same purpose of assigning a unique id to all cases that belong to the same dataset.

Concept:

Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

9

End Position:

14

Width:

6

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
201904	2015-2019, PRCS 5-year
201903	2015-2019, ACS 5-year
201902	2019 PRCS
201901	2019 ACS
201804	2014-2018, PRCS 5-year
201803	2014-2018, ACS 5-year
201802	2018 PRCS
201801	2018 ACS
201704	2013-2017, PRCS 5-year
201703	2013-2017, ACS 5-year
201702	2017 PRCS
201701	2017 ACS
201604	2012-2016, PRCS 5-year
201603	2012-2016, ACS 5-year
201602	2016 PRCS
201601	2016 ACS
201504	2011-2015, PRCS 5-year
201503	2011-2015, ACS 5-year
201502	2015 PRCS
201501	2015 ACS
201404	2010-2014, PRCS 5-year
201403	2010-2014, ACS 5-year
201402	2014 PRCS
201401	2014 ACS
201306	2009-2013, PRCS 5-year
201305	2009-2013, ACS 5-year
201304	2011-2013, PRCS 3-year
201303	2011-2013, ACS 3-year
201302	2013 PRCS
201301	2013 ACS
201206	2008-2012, PRCS 5-year
201205	2008-2012, ACS 5-year
201204	2010-2012, PRCS 3-year
201203	2010-2012, ACS 3-year
201202	2012 PRCS
201201	2012 ACS
201106	2007-2011, PRCS 5-year
201105	2007-2011, ACS 5-year
201104	2009-2011, PRCS 3-year
201103	2009-2011, ACS 3-year
201102	2011 PRCS
201101	2011 ACS
201008	2010 Puerto Rico 10%
201007	2010 10%
201006	2006-2010, PRCS 5-year
201005	2006-2010, ACS 5-year
201004	2008-2010, PRCS 3-year
201003	2008-2010, ACS 3-year
201002	2010 PRCS
201001	2010 ACS
200906	2005-2009, PRCS 5-year
200905	2005-2009, ACS 5-year
200904	2007-2009, PRCS 3-year
200903	2007-2009, ACS 3-year
200902	2009 PRCS
200901	2009 ACS
200804	2006-2008, PRCS 3-year
200803	2006-2008, ACS 3-year
200802	2008 PRCS
200801	2008 ACS
200704	2005-2007, PRCS 3-year
200703	2005-2007, ACS 3-year
200702	2007 PRCS
200701	2007 ACS
200602	2006 PRCS
200601	2006 ACS
200502	2005 PRCS
200501	2005 ACS
200401	2004 ACS
200301	2003 ACS
200201	2002 ACS
200101	2001 ACS
200008	2000 Puerto Rico 1%
200007	2000 1%
200006	2000 Puerto Rico 1% sample (old version)
200005	2000 Puerto Rico 5%
200004	2000 ACS
200003	2000 Unweighted 1%
200002	2000 1% sample (old version)
200001	2000 5%
199007	1990 Puerto Rico 1%
199006	1990 Puerto Rico 5%
199005	1990 Labor Market Area
199004	1990 Elderly
199003	1990 Unweighted 1%
199002	1990 1%
199001	1990 5%
198007	1980 Puerto Rico 1%
198006	1980 Puerto Rico 5%
198005	1980 Detailed metro/non-metro
198004	1980 Labor Market Area
198003	1980 Urban/Rural
198002	1980 1%
198001	1980 5%
197009	1970 Puerto Rico Neighborhood
197008	1970 Puerto Rico Municipio
197007	1970 Puerto Rico State
197006	1970 Form 2 Neighborhood
197005	1970 Form 1 Neighborhood
197004	1970 Form 2 Metro
197003	1970 Form 1 Metro
197002	1970 Form 2 State
197001	1970 Form 1 State
196002	1960 5%
196001	1960 1%
195001	1950 1%
194002	1940 100% database
194001	1940 1%
193004	1930 100% database
193003	1930 Puerto Rico
193002	1930 5%
193001	1930 1%
192003	1920 100% database
192002	1920 Puerto Rico sample
192001	1920 1%
191004	1910 100% database
191003	1910 1.4% sample with oversamples
191002	1910 1%
191001	1910 Puerto Rico
190004	1900 100% database
190003	1900 1% sample with oversamples
190002	1900 1%
190001	1900 5%
188003	1880 100% database
188002	1880 10%
188001	1880 1%
187003	1870 100% database
187002	1870 1% sample with black oversample
187001	1870 1%
186003	1860 100% database
186002	1860 1% sample with black oversample
186001	1860 1%
185002	1850 100% database
185001	1850 1%

Variable: "SERIAL"

Name:	SERIAL
Label:	Household serial number
Variable Text:	SERIAL is an identifying number unique to each household record in a given sample. All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record that they follow. (Person records also have their own unique identifiers - see PERNUM.) A combination of SAMPLE and SERIAL provides a unique identifier for every household in the IPUMS; the combination of SAMPLE, SERIAL, and PERNUM uniquely identifies every person in the database. For 1850-1930, households that are part of a multi-household dwelling can be identified by using the DWELLING and DWSEQ variables. See "Sample Designs" for further discussion of sampling from within multi-household dwellings.
Concept:	Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
Start Position:	15
End Position:	22
Width:	8
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesSERIAL is an 8-digit numeric variable which assigns a unique identification number to each household record in a given sample (See PERNUM for the analogous person record identifier). A combination of SAMPLE and SERIAL provides a unique identifier for every household in the IPUMS; the combination of SAMPLE, SERIAL, and PERNUM uniquely identifies every person in the database. SERIAL specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below if applicable by Census year (and data sample if specified). SERIAL Specific Variable Codes

Variable: "CBSERIAL"

Name:	CBSERIAL
Label:	Original Census Bureau household serial number
Variable Text:	CBSERIAL is the unique, original identification number assigned to each household record in a given sample by the Census Bureau. All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record that they follow. (The original person record unique identification numbers assigned by the Census Bureau are provided by CBPERNUM.) A combination of SAMPLE and CBSERIAL provides a unique identifier for every household in the IPUMS; the combination of SAMPLE, CBSERIAL, and CBPERNUM uniquely identifies every person in the database.
Concept:	Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
Start Position:	23
End Position:	35
Width:	13
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesCBSERIAL is an 8-digit numeric variable which assigns a unique identification number to each household record in a given sample (See CBPERNUM for the analogous person record identifier). CBSERIAL specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below if applicable by Census year (and data sample if specified). CBSERIAL Specific Variable Codes

Variable: "HHWT"

Name:	HHWT
Label:	Household weight
Variable Text:	HHWT indicates how many households in the U.S. population are represented by a given household in an IPUMS sample. It is generally a good idea to use HHWT when conducting a household-level analysis of any IPUMS sample. The use of HHWT is optional when analyzing one of the "flat" or unweighted IPUMS samples. Flat IPUMS samples include the 1% samples from 1850-1930, all samples from 1960, 1970, and 1980, the 1% unweighted samples from 1990 and 2000, the 10% 2010 sample, and any of the full count 100% census datasets. HHWT must be used to obtain nationally representative statistics for household-level analyses of any sample other than those. Users should also be sure to select one person (e.g., PERNUM = 1) to represent the entire household. For further explanation of the sample weights, see "Sample Designs" and "Sample Weights". See also PERWT for a corresponding variable at the person level, and SLWT for a weight variable used with sample-line records in 1940 1% and 1950.
Concept:	Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
Start Position:	36
End Position:	45
Width:	10
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	2
Coder Instructions:	CodesHHWT is a 6-digit numeric variable which indicates how many households in the U.S. population are represented by a given household in an IPUMS sample and has two implied decimals. For example, a HHWT value of 010461 should be interpreted as 104.61. HHWT specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below if applicable by Census year (and data sample if specified). User Note: Users should also be sure to select one person (e.g., PERNUM = 1) to represent the entire household when using HHWT. HHWT Specific Variable Codes

Variable: "CLUSTER"

Name:	CLUSTER
Label:	Household cluster for variance estimation
Variable Text:	CLUSTER is designed for use with STRATA in Taylor series linear approximation for correction of complex sample design characteristics. See the STRATA variable description for more details.
Concept:	Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
Start Position:	46
End Position:	58
Width:	13
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesCLUSTER is an 11-digit numeric variable designed for use with STRATA in Taylor series linear approximation for correction of complex sample design characteristics (See the Description of STRATA for more details). CLUSTER specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below if applicable by Census year (and data sample if specified). CLUSTER Specific Variable Codes

Variable: "STATEFIP"

Name:

STATEFIP

Label:

State (FIPS code)

Variable Text:

STATEFIP reports the state in which the household was located, using the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) coding scheme, which orders the states alphabetically.

In the 1980 Urban/Rural sample, STATEFIP identifies state groups that are not available in STATEICP; these state groups (codes 61-68) are only available for that particular sample.

See "Geographic Coding and Comparability" for more information on the geographic detail available in particular samples.

Concept:

Geographic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

59

End Position:

60

Width:

2

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
01	Alabama
02	Alaska
04	Arizona
05	Arkansas
06	California
08	Colorado
09	Connecticut
10	Delaware
11	District of Columbia
12	Florida
13	Georgia
15	Hawaii
16	Idaho
17	Illinois
18	Indiana
19	Iowa
20	Kansas
21	Kentucky
22	Louisiana
23	Maine
24	Maryland
25	Massachusetts
26	Michigan
27	Minnesota
28	Mississippi
29	Missouri
30	Montana
31	Nebraska
32	Nevada
33	New Hampshire
34	New Jersey
35	New Mexico
36	New York
37	North Carolina
38	North Dakota
39	Ohio
40	Oklahoma
41	Oregon
42	Pennsylvania
44	Rhode Island
45	South Carolina
46	South Dakota
47	Tennessee
48	Texas
49	Utah
50	Vermont
51	Virginia
53	Washington
54	West Virginia
55	Wisconsin
56	Wyoming
61	Maine-New Hampshire-Vermont
62	Massachusetts-Rhode Island
63	Minnesota-Iowa-Missouri-Kansas-Nebraska-S.Dakota-N.Dakota
64	Maryland-Delaware
65	Montana-Idaho-Wyoming
66	Utah-Nevada
67	Arizona-New Mexico
68	Alaska-Hawaii
72	Puerto Rico
97	Military/Mil. Reservation
99	State not identified

Notes

Note:

Case selection: 36 New York

Variable: "COUNTYFIP"

Name:	COUNTYFIP
Label:	County (FIPS code)
Variable Text:	COUNTYFIP identifies the county where the household was enumerated, using the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) coding scheme. COUNTYFIP codes are state-dependent; they must be combined with state codes (see STATEFIP or STATEICP) to distinguish counties located in different states. Like STATEFIP, COUNTYFIP facilitates merging IPUMS data with data from other sources that use FIPS codes. Many county boundaries and some county names have changed over time. IPUMS does not impose a uniform county boundary system on the data, so each county listed for a given year in IPUMS should be assumed to have the boundaries that it had in that year. FIPS codes were first instituted around the time of the 1970 census, so historical counties that were dissolved before then have no FIPS code. COUNTYICP and COUNTYNHG supply codes for the complete history of U.S. county definitions. These alternative variables both use codes based on the 3-digit FIPS scheme with a fourth digit added to distinguish historical counties. Counties are not identified in public-use microdata from 1950 onwards, so IPUMS instead identifies counties, where possible, from other low-level geographic identifiers. These include State Economic Areas (SEA) in 1950; county groups in 1970 (CNTYGP97) and 1980 (CNTYGP98); and Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA) from 1990 onwards, including Super-PUMAs (PUMASUPR) in 2000. COUNTYFIP identifies a county if and only if: it was coterminous with a single SEA, county group, or PUMA; or it contained multiple SEAs, county groups, or PUMAs, none of which extended into other counties. Listing of counties identified: Identified Counties, 1950-Forward For municipios, the Puerto Rican statistical equivalent of U.S. counties, see PRCOUNTA (alphabetic version) and PRCOUNTY (numeric version).
Concept:	Geographic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
Start Position:	61
End Position:	63
Width:	3
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesCOUNTYFIP is a 3-digit numeric variable that identifies the county where the household was enumerated using the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) coding scheme. COUNTYFIP codes are state-dependent; they must be combined with state codes (see STATEFIP or STATEICP) to distinguish counties located in different states. COUNTYFIP codes differ from standard FIPS codes in one case: Dade County, Florida, had FIPS code 025 until its name was changed to Miami-Dade County in 1997, with a new FIPS code of 086. COUNTYFIP assigns a code of 086 to Dade County in all samples to be consistent with the Miami-Dade code in later samples. COUNTYFIP-Specific Variable Code 000 = County not identifiable from public-use data (1950-onward)* *Counties are not identified in public-use microdata from 1950 onwards, so IPUMS instead identifies counties, where possible, from other low-level geographic identifiers. Listing of counties identified in IPUMS USA samples, including FIPS and ICPSR codes: Identified Counties, 1950-Forward

Variable: "METPOP10"

Name:	METPOP10
Label:	Average 2010 population of 2013 metro/micro areas in PUMA
Variable Text:	METPOP10 reports the average 2010 population of metro/micro areas in each Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA). Where a PUMA lies entirely within a single metro area, this "average" is simply the metro area's population. Elsewhere, METPOP10 gives an approximation of the typical population size of the commuting systems where PUMA residents live. Specifically, METPOP10 provides the population-weighted geometric mean of the 2010 populations of core-based (metropolitan/micropolitan) statistical areas (CBSAs), using the 2013 CBSA delineations of the Office and Management and Budget (OMB). For PUMA residents who live outside of any CBSA, METPOP10 uses county populations to approximate the commuting system population. (For Virginia "independent cities" that lie outside of CBSAs, we combine the populations of the independent cities with the populations of their neighboring counties.) Using a geometric mean corresponds to measuring the average population on a logarithmic scale, which is suitable because CBSA and county populations generally have a log-normal distribution (highly concentrated at the lower end of the distribution with a long positive tail). For such distributions, the geometric mean is appropriately less sensitive to large outliers, more sensitive to variations among small values, and generally closer to the median than is the arithmetic mean. In practical terms, a logarithmic scaling makes sense because a difference between populations of 100,000 and 500,000 is about as significant for the character of a commuting system as any other factor-of-5 difference (e.g., 1 million and 5 million), and it is clearly more significant than an equal absolute difference of 400,000 in large commuting systems (e.g., 10.1 million and 10.5 million). The specific steps to compute METPOP10 are 1) compute the populations of all spatial intersections (i.e., overlaps) between PUMAs and counties, 2) multiply each intersection's population by the logarithm of the population of the encompassing CBSA or noncore county, 3) sum these products for all intersections in each PUMA, 4) divide the sum for each PUMA by the total PUMA population, and 4) exponentiate the results to return to a linear scaling of populations. For a detailed explanation and demonstration of the METPOP10 measure (as well as the DENSITY variable), see: Schroeder, J. and J. Pacas. (2019). Across the rural-urban universe: Two continuous indices of urbanization for U.S. census microdata (No. 2019-5). Minnesota Population Center Working Paper Series.
Concept:	Geographic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
Start Position:	64
End Position:	71
Width:	8
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesMETPOP10 is an 8-digit numeric variable.

Variable: "CITY"

Name:

CITY

Label:

City

Variable Text:

CITY identifies the city of residence for households located in identifiable cities. The Comparability section provides a discussion of factors affecting which cities are identified and how well they are represented in each sample.

The cities identified by CITY are generally consistent with U.S. Census "place" definitions. For an explanation and history of the concept, see Chapter 9 in the Census Bureau's Geographic Areas Reference Manual.

Concept:

Geographic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

72

End Position:

75

Width:

4

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0000	Not in identifiable city (or size group)
0001	Aberdeen, SD
0002	Aberdeen, WA
0003	Abilene, TX
0004	Ada, OK
0005	Adams, MA
0006	Adrian, MI
0007	Abington, PA
0010	Akron, OH
0030	Alameda, CA
0050	Albany, NY
0051	Albany, GA
0052	Albert Lea, MN
0070	Albuquerque, NM
0090	Alexandria, VA
0091	Alexandria, LA
0100	Alhambra, CA
0110	Allegheny, PA
0120	Aliquippa, PA
0130	Allentown, PA
0131	Alliance, OH
0132	Alpena, MI
0140	Alton, IL
0150	Altoona, PA
0160	Amarillo, TX
0161	Ambridge, PA
0162	Ames, IA
0163	Amesbury, MA
0170	Amsterdam, NY
0171	Anaconda, MT
0190	Anaheim, CA
0210	Anchorage, AK
0230	Anderson, IN
0231	Anderson, SC
0250	Andover, MA
0270	Ann Arbor, MI
0271	Annapolis, MD
0272	Anniston, AL
0273	Ansonia, CT
0275	Antioch, CA
0280	Appleton, WI
0281	Ardmore, OK
0282	Argenta, AR
0283	Arkansas, KS
0284	Arden-Arcade, CA
0290	Arlington, TX
0310	Arlington, VA
0311	Arlington, MA
0312	Arnold, PA
0313	Asbury Park, NJ
0330	Asheville, NC
0331	Ashland, OH
0340	Ashland, KY
0341	Ashland, WI
0342	Ashtabula, OH
0343	Astoria, OR
0344	Atchison, KS
0345	Athens, GA
0346	Athol, MA
0347	Athens-Clarke County, GA
0350	Atlanta, GA
0370	Atlantic City, NJ
0371	Attleboro, MA
0390	Auburn, NY
0391	Auburn, ME
0410	Augusta, GA
0411	Augusta-Richmond County, GA
0430	Augusta, ME
0450	Aurora, CO
0470	Aurora, IL
0490	Austin, TX
0491	Austin, MN
0510	Bakersfield, CA
0530	Baltimore, MD
0550	Bangor, ME
0551	Barberton, OH
0552	Barre, VT
0553	Bartlesville, OK
0554	Batavia, NY
0570	Bath, ME
0590	Baton Rouge, LA
0610	Battle Creek, MI
0630	Bay City, MI
0640	Bayamon, PR
0650	Bayonne, NJ
0651	Beacon, NY
0652	Beatrice, NE
0660	Belleville, IL
0670	Beaumont, TX
0671	Beaver Falls, PA
0672	Bedford, IN
0673	Bellaire, OH
0680	Bellevue, WA
0690	Bellingham, WA
0695	Belvedere, CA
0700	Belleville, NJ
0701	Bellevue, PA
0702	Belmont, OH
0703	Belmont, MA
0704	Beloit, WI
0705	Bennington, VT
0706	Benton Harbor, MI
0710	Berkeley, CA
0711	Berlin, NH
0712	Berwick, PA
0720	Berwyn, IL
0721	Bessemer, AL
0730	Bethlehem, PA
0740	Biddeford, ME
0741	Big Spring, TX
0742	Billings, MT
0743	Biloxi, MS
0750	Binghamton, NY
0760	Beverly, MA
0761	Beverly Hills, CA
0770	Birmingham, AL
0771	Birmingham, CT
0772	Bismarck, ND
0780	Bloomfield, NJ
0790	Bloomington, IL
0791	Bloomington, IN
0792	Blue Island, IL
0793	Bluefield, WV
0794	Blytheville, AR
0795	Bogalusa, LA
0800	Boise, ID
0801	Boone, IA
0810	Boston, MA
0811	Boulder, CO
0812	Bowling Green, KY
0813	Braddock, PA
0814	Braden, WA
0815	Bradford, PA
0816	Brainerd, MN
0817	Braintree, MA
0818	Brawley, CA
0819	Bremerton, WA
0830	Bridgeport, CT
0831	Bridgeton, NJ
0832	Bristol, CT
0833	Bristol, PA
0834	Bristol, VA
0835	Bristol, TN
0837	Bristol, RI
0850	Brockton, MA
0851	Brookfield, IL
0870	Brookline, MA
0880	Brownsville, TX
0881	Brownwood, TX
0882	Brunswick, GA
0883	Bucyrus, OH
0890	Buffalo, NY
0900	Burlington, IA
0905	Burlington, VT
0906	Burlington, NJ
0907	Bushkill, PA
0910	Butte, MT
0911	Butler, PA
0920	Burbank, CA
0921	Burlingame, CA
0926	Cairo, IL
0927	Calumet City, IL
0930	Cambridge, MA
0931	Cambridge, OH
0950	Camden, NJ
0951	Campbell, OH
0952	Canonsburg, PA
0970	Camden, NY
0990	Canton, OH
0991	Canton, IL
0992	Cape Girardeau, MO
0993	Carbondale, PA
0994	Carlisle, PA
0995	Carnegie, PA
0996	Carrick, PA
0997	Carteret, NJ
0998	Carthage, MO
0999	Casper, WY
1000	Cape Coral, FL
1010	Cedar Rapids, IA
1020	Central Falls, RI
1021	Centralia, IL
1023	Chambersburg, PA
1024	Champaign, IL
1025	Chanute, KS
1026	Charleroi, PA
1027	Chandler, AZ
1030	Charlestown, MA
1050	Charleston, SC
1060	Carolina, PR
1070	Charleston, WV
1090	Charlotte, NC
1091	Charlottesville, VA
1110	Chattanooga, TN
1130	Chelsea, MA
1140	Cheltenham, PA
1150	Chesapeake, VA
1170	Chester, PA
1171	Cheyenne, WY
1190	Chicago, IL
1191	Chicago Heights, IL
1192	Chickasha, OK
1210	Chicopee, MA
1230	Chillicothe, OH
1250	Chula Vista, CA
1270	Cicero, IL
1290	Cincinnati, OH
1291	Clairton, PA
1292	Claremont, NH
1310	Clarksburg, WV
1311	Clarksdale, MS
1312	Cleburne, TX
1330	Cleveland, OH
1340	Cleveland Heights, OH
1341	Cliffside Park, NJ
1350	Clifton, NJ
1351	Clinton, IN
1370	Clinton, IA
1371	Clinton, MA
1372	Coatesville, PA
1373	Coffeyville, KS
1374	Cohoes, NY
1375	Collingswood, NJ
1390	Colorado Springs, CO
1400	Cohoes, NY
1410	Columbia, SC
1411	Columbia, PA
1412	Columbia, MO
1420	Columbia City, IN
1430	Columbus, GA
1450	Columbus, OH
1451	Columbus, MS
1452	Compton, CA
1470	Concord, CA
1490	Concord, NH
1491	Concord, NC
1492	Connellsville, PA
1493	Connersville, IN
1494	Conshohocken, PA
1495	Coraopolis, PA
1496	Corning, NY
1500	Corona, CA
1510	Council Bluffs, IA
1520	Corpus Christi, TX
1521	Corsicana, TX
1522	Cortland, NY
1523	Coshocton, OH
1530	Covington, KY
1540	Costa Mesa, CA
1545	Cranford, NJ
1550	Cranston, RI
1551	Crawfordsville, IN
1552	Cripple Creek, CO
1553	Cudahy, WI
1570	Cumberland, MD
1571	Cumberland, RI
1572	Cuyahoga Falls, OH
1590	Dallas, TX
1591	Danbury, CT
1592	Daly City, CA
1610	Danvers, MA
1630	Danville, IL
1631	Danville, VA
1650	Davenport, IA
1670	Dayton, OH
1671	Daytona Beach, FL
1680	Dearborn, MI
1690	Decatur, IL
1691	Decatur, AL
1692	Decatur, GA
1693	Dedham, MA
1694	Del Rio, TX
1695	Denison, TX
1710	Denver, CO
1711	Derby, CT
1713	Derry, PA
1730	Des Moines, IA
1750	Detroit, MI
1751	Dickson City, PA
1752	Dodge, KS
1753	Donora, PA
1754	Dormont, PA
1755	Dothan, AL
1770	Dorchester, MA
1790	Dover, NH
1791	Dover, NJ
1792	Du Bois, PA
1800	Downey, CA
1810	Dubuque, IA
1830	Duluth, MN
1831	Dunkirk, NY
1832	Dunmore, PA
1833	Duquesne, PA
1834	Dundalk, MD
1850	Durham, NC
1860
1870	East Chicago, IN
1890	East Cleveland, OH
1891	East Hartford, CT
1892	East Liverpool, OH
1893	East Moline, IL
1910	East Los Angeles, CA
1930	East Orange, NJ
1931	East Providence, RI
1940	East Saginaw, MI
1950	East St. Louis, IL
1951	East Youngstown, OH
1952	Easthampton, MA
1970	Easton, PA
1971	Eau Claire, WI
1972	Ecorse, MI
1973	El Dorado, KS
1974	El Dorado, AR
1990	El Monte, CA
2010	El Paso, TX
2030	Elgin, IL
2040	Elyria, OH
2050	Elizabeth, NJ
2051	Elizabeth City, NC
2055	Elk Grove, CA
2060	Elkhart, IN
2061	Ellwood City, PA
2062	Elmhurst, IL
2070	Elmira, NY
2071	Elmwood Park, IL
2072	Elwood, IN
2073	Emporia, KS
2074	Endicott, NY
2075	Enfield, CT
2076	Englewood, NJ
2080	Enid, OK
2090	Erie, PA
2091	Escanaba, MI
2092	Euclid, OH
2110	Escondido, CA
2130	Eugene, OR
2131	Eureka, CA
2150	Evanston, IL
2170	Evansville, IN
2190	Everett, MA
2210	Everett, WA
2211	Fairfield, AL
2212	Fairfield, CT
2213	Fairhaven, MA
2214	Fairmont, WV
2220	Fargo, ND
2221	Faribault, MN
2222	Farrell, PA
2230	Fall River, MA
2240	Fayetteville, NC
2241	Ferndale, MI
2242	Findlay, OH
2250	Fitchburg, MA
2260	Fontana, CA
2270	Flint, MI
2271	Floral Park, NY
2273	Florence, AL
2274	Florence, SC
2275	Flushing, NY
2280	Fond du Lac, WI
2281	Forest Park, IL
2290	Fort Lauderdale, FL
2300	Fort Collins, CO
2301	Fort Dodge, IA
2302	Fort Madison, IA
2303	Fort Scott, KS
2310	Fort Smith, AR
2311	Fort Thomas, KY
2330	Fort Wayne, IN
2350	Fort Worth, TX
2351	Fostoria, OH
2352	Framingham, MA
2353	Frankfort, IN
2354	Frankfort, KY
2355	Franklin, PA
2356	Frederick, MD
2357	Freeport, NY
2358	Freeport, IL
2359	Fremont, OH
2360	Fremont, NE
2370	Fresno, CA
2390	Fullerton, CA
2391	Fulton, NY
2392	Gadsden, AL
2393	Galena, KS
2394	Gainesville, FL
2400	Galesburg, IL
2410	Galveston, TX
2411	Gardner, MA
2430	Garden Grove, CA
2435	Gardena, CA
2440	Garfield, NJ
2441	Garfield Heights, OH
2450	Garland, TX
2470	Gary, IN
2471	Gastonia, NC
2472	Geneva, NY
2473	Glen Cove, NY
2489	Glendale, AZ
2490	Glendale, CA
2491	Glens Falls, NY
2510	Gloucester, MA
2511	Gloucester, NJ
2512	Gloversville, NY
2513	Goldsboro, NC
2514	Goshen, IN
2515	Grand Forks, ND
2516	Grand Island, NE
2517	Grand Junction, CO
2520	Granite City, IL
2530	Grand Rapids, MI
2531	Grandville, MI
2540	Great Falls, MT
2541	Greeley, CO
2550	Green Bay, WI
2551	Greenfield, MA
2570	Greensboro, NC
2571	Greensburg, PA
2572	Greenville, MS
2573	Greenville, SC
2574	Greenville, TX
2575	Greenwich, CT
2576	Greenwood, MS
2577	Greenwood, SC
2578	Griffin, GA
2579	Grosse Pointe Park, MI
2580	Guynabo, PR
2581	Groton, CT
2582	Gulfport, MS
2583	Guthrie, OK
2584	Hackensack, NJ
2590	Hagerstown, MD
2591	Hamden, CT
2610	Hamilton, OH
2630	Hammond, IN
2650	Hampton, VA
2670	Hamtramck Village, MI
2680	Hannibal, MO
2681	Hanover, PA
2682	Harlingen, TX
2683	Hanover township, Luzerne county, PA
2690	Harrisburg, PA
2691	Harrisburg, IL
2692	Harrison, NJ
2693	Harrison, PA
2710	Hartford, CT
2711	Harvey, IL
2712	Hastings, NE
2713	Hattiesburg, MS
2725	Haverford, PA
2730	Haverhill, MA
2731	Hawthorne, NJ
2740	Hayward, CA
2750	Hazleton, PA
2751	Helena, MT
2752	Hempstead, NY
2753	Henderson, KY
2754	Herkimer, NY
2755	Herrin, IL
2756	Hibbing, MN
2757	Henderson, NV
2770	Hialeah, FL
2780	High Point, NC
2781	Highland Park, IL
2790	Highland Park, MI
2791	Hilo, HI
2792	Hillside, NJ
2810	Hoboken, NJ
2811	Holland, MI
2830	Hollywood, FL
2850	Holyoke, MA
2851	Homestead, PA
2870	Honolulu, HI
2871	Hopewell, VA
2872	Hopkinsville, KY
2873	Hoquiam, WA
2874	Hornell, NY
2875	Hot Springs, AR
2890	Houston, TX
2891	Hudson, NY
2892	Huntington, IN
2910	Huntington, WV
2930	Huntington Beach, CA
2950	Huntsville, AL
2951	Huron, SD
2960	Hutchinson, KS
2961	Hyde Park, MA
2962	Ilion, NY
2963	Independence, KS
2970	Independence, MO
2990	Indianapolis, IN
3010	Inglewood, CA
3011	Iowa City, IA
3012	Iron Mountain, MI
3013	Ironton, OH
3014	Ironwood, MI
3015	Irondequoit, NY
3020	Irvine, CA
3030	Irving, TX
3050	Irvington, NJ
3051	Ishpeming, MI
3052	Ithaca, NY
3070	Jackson, MI
3071	Jackson, MN
3090	Jackson, MS
3091	Jackson, TN
3110	Jacksonville, FL
3111	Jacksonville, IL
3130	Jamestown, NY
3131	Janesville, WI
3132	Jeannette, PA
3133	Jefferson City, MO
3134	Jeffersonville, IN
3150	Jersey City, NJ
3151	Johnson City, NY
3160	Johnson City, TN
3161	Johnstown, NY
3170	Johnstown, PA
3190	Joliet, IL
3191	Jonesboro, AR
3210	Joplin, MO
3230	Kalamazoo, MI
3231	Kankakee, IL
3250	Kansas City, KS
3260	Kansas City, MO
3270	Kearny, NJ
3271	Keene, NH
3272	Kenmore, NY
3273	Kenmore, OH
3290	Kenosha, WI
3291	Keokuk, IA
3292	Kewanee, IL
3293	Key West, FL
3294	Kingsport, TN
3310	Kingston, NY
3311	Kingston, PA
3312	Kinston, NC
3313	Klamath Falls, OR
3330	Knoxville, TN
3350	Kokomo, IN
3370	La Crosse, WI
3380	Lafayette, IN
3390	Lafayette, LA
3391	La Grange, IL
3392	La Grange, GA
3393	La Porte, IN
3394	La Salle, IL
3395	Lackawanna, NY
3396	Laconia, NH
3400	Lake Charles, LA
3405	Lakeland, FL
3410	Lakewood, CO
3430	Lakewood, OH
3440	Lancaster, CA
3450	Lancaster, PA
3451	Lancaster, OH
3470	Lansing, MI
3471	Lansingburgh, NY
3480	Laredo, TX
3481	Latrobe, PA
3482	Laurel, MS
3490	Las Vegas, NV
3510	Lawrence, MA
3511	Lawrence, KS
3512	Lawton, OK
3513	Leadville, CO
3520	Leavenworth, KS
3521	Lebanon, PA
3522	Leominster, MA
3530	Lehigh, PA
3540	Lebanon, PA
3550	Lewiston, ME
3551	Lewistown, PA
3560	Lewisville, TX
3570	Lexington, KY
3590	Lexington-Fayette, KY
3610	Lima, OH
3630	Lincoln, NE
3631	Lincoln, IL
3632	Lincoln Park, MI
3633	Lincoln, RI
3634	Linden, NJ
3635	Little Falls, NY
3638	Lodi, NJ
3639	Logansport, IN
3650	Little Rock, AR
3670	Livonia, MI
3680	Lockport, NY
3690	Long Beach, CA
3691	Long Branch, NJ
3692	Long Island City, NY
3693	Longview, WA
3710	Lorain, OH
3730	Los Angeles, CA
3750	Louisville, KY
3765	Lower Merion, PA
3770	Lowell, MA
3771	Lubbock, TX
3772	Lynbrook, NY
3790	Lynchburg, VA
3800	Lyndhurst, NJ
3810	Lynn, MA
3830	Macon, GA
3850	Madison, IN
3870	Madison, WI
3871	Mahanoy City, PA
3890	Malden, MA
3891	Mamaroneck, NY
3910	Manchester, NH
3911	Manchester, CT
3912	Manhattan, KS
3913	Manistee, MI
3914	Manitowoc, WI
3915	Mankato, MN
3929	Maplewood, NJ
3930	Mansfield, OH
3931	Maplewood, MO
3932	Marietta, OH
3933	Marinette, WI
3934	Marion, IN
3940	Maywood, IL
3950	Marion, OH
3951	Marlborough, MA
3952	Marquette, MI
3953	Marshall, TX
3954	Marshalltown, IA
3955	Martins Ferry, OH
3956	Martinsburg, WV
3957	Mason City, IA
3958	Massena, NY
3959	Massillon, OH
3960	McAllen, TX
3961	Mattoon, IL
3962	Mcalester, OK
3963	Mccomb, MS
3964	Mckees Rocks, PA
3970	McKeesport, PA
3971	Meadville, PA
3990	Medford, MA
3991	Medford, OR
3992	Melrose, MA
3993	Melrose Park, IL
4010	Memphis, TN
4011	Menominee, MI
4030	Meriden, CT
4040	Meridian, MS
4041	Methuen, MA
4050	Mesa, AZ
4070	Mesquite, TX
4090	Metairie, LA
4110	Miami, FL
4120	Michigan City, IN
4121	Middlesboro, KY
4122	Middletown, CT
4123	Middletown, NY
4124	Middletown, OH
4125	Milford, CT
4126	Milford, MA
4127	Millville, NJ
4128	Milton, MA
4130	Milwaukee, WI
4150	Minneapolis, MN
4151	Minot, ND
4160	Mishawaka, IN
4161	Missoula, MT
4162	Mitchell, SD
4163	Moberly, MO
4170	Mobile, AL
4190	Modesto, CA
4210	Moline, IL
4211	Monessen, PA
4212	Monroe, MI
4213	Monroe, LA
4214	Monrovia, CA
4230	Montclair, NJ
4250	Montgomery, AL
4251	Morgantown, WV
4252	Morristown, NJ
4253	Moundsville, WV
4254	Mount Arlington, NJ
4255	Mount Carmel, PA
4256	Mount Clemens, MI
4260	Mount Lebanon, PA
4270	Moreno Valley, CA
4290	Mount Vernon, NY
4291	Mount Vernon, IL
4310	Muncie, IN
4311	Munhall, PA
4312	Murphysboro, IL
4313	Muscatine, IA
4330	Muskegon, MI
4331	Muskegon Heights, MI
4350	Muskogee, OK
4351	Nanticoke, PA
4370	Nantucket, MA
4390	Nashua, NH
4410	Nashville-Davidson, TN
4411	Nashville, TN
4413	Natchez, MS
4414	Natick, MA
4415	Naugatuck, CT
4416	Needham, MA
4420	Neptune, NJ
4430	New Albany, IN
4450	New Bedford, MA
4451	New Bern, NC
4452	New Brighton, NY
4470	New Britain, CT
4490	New Brunswick, NJ
4510	New Castle, PA
4511	New Castle, IN
4530	New Haven, CT
4550	New London, CT
4570	New Orleans, LA
4571	New Philadelphia, OH
4590	New Rochelle, NY
4610	New York, NY
4611	Brooklyn (only in census years before 1900)
4630	Newark, NJ
4650	Newark, OH
4670	Newburgh, NY
4690	Newburyport, MA
4710	Newport, KY
4730	Newport, RI
4750	Newport News, VA
4770	Newton, MA
4771	Newton, IA
4772	Newton, KS
4790	Niagara Falls, NY
4791	Niles, MI
4792	Niles, OH
4810	Norfolk, VA
4811	Norfolk, NE
4820	North Las Vegas, NV
4830	Norristown Borough, PA
4831	North Adams, MA
4832	North Attleborough, MA
4833	North Bennington, VT
4834	North Braddock, PA
4835	North Branford, CT
4836	North Haven, CT
4837	North Little Rock, AR
4838	North Platte, NE
4839	North Providence, RI
4840	Northampton, MA
4841	North Tonawanda, NY
4842	North Yakima, WA
4843	Northbridge, MA
4845	North Bergen, NJ
4850	North Providence, RI
4860	Norwalk, CA
4870	Norwalk, CT
4890	Norwich, CT
4900	Norwood, OH
4901	Norwood, MA
4902	Nutley, NJ
4905	Oak Park, IL
4910	Oak Park Village, IL
4930	Oakland, CA
4950	Oceanside, CA
4970	Ogden, UT
4971	Ogdensburg, NY
4972	Oil City, PA
4990	Oklahoma City, OK
4991	Okmulgee, OK
4992	Old Bennington, VT
4993	Old Forge, PA
4994	Olean, NY
4995	Olympia, WA
4996	Olyphant, PA
5010	Omaha, NE
5011	Oneida, NY
5012	Oneonta, NY
5030	Ontario, CA
5040	Orange, CA
5050	Orange, NJ
5051	Orange, CT
5070	Orlando, FL
5090	Oshkosh, WI
5091	Oskaloosa, IA
5092	Ossining, NY
5110	Oswego, NY
5111	Ottawa, IL
5112	Ottumwa, IA
5113	Owensboro, KY
5114	Owosso, MI
5116	Painesville, OH
5117	Palestine, TX
5118	Palo Alto, CA
5119	Pampa, TX
5121	Paris, TX
5122	Park Ridge, IL
5123	Parkersburg, WV
5124	Parma, OH
5125	Parsons, KS
5130	Oxnard, CA
5140	Palmdale, CA
5150	Pasadena, CA
5170	Pasadena, TX
5180	Paducah, KY
5190	Passaic, NJ
5210	Paterson, NJ
5230	Pawtucket, RI
5231	Peabody, MA
5232	Peekskill, NY
5233	Pekin, IL
5240	Pembroke Pines, FL
5250	Pensacola, FL
5255	Pensauken, NJ
5269	Peoria, AZ
5270	Peoria, IL
5271	Peoria Heights, IL
5290	Perth Amboy, NJ
5291	Peru, IN
5310	Petersburg, VA
5311	Phenix City, AL
5330	Philadelphia, PA
5331	Kensington
5332	Moyamensing
5333	Northern Liberties
5334	Southwark
5335	Spring Garden
5341	Phillipsburg, NJ
5350	Phoenix, AZ
5351	Phoenixville, PA
5352	Pine Bluff, AR
5353	Piqua, OH
5354	Pittsburg, KS
5370	Pittsburgh, PA
5390	Pittsfield, MA
5391	Pittston, PA
5409	Plains, PA
5410	Plainfield, NJ
5411	Plattsburg, NY
5412	Pleasantville, NJ
5413	Plymouth, PA
5414	Plymouth, MA
5415	Pocatello, ID
5430	Plano, TX
5450	Pomona, CA
5451	Ponca City, OK
5460	Ponce, PR
5470	Pontiac, MI
5471	Port Angeles, WA
5480	Port Arthur, TX
5481	Port Chester, NY
5490	Port Huron, MI
5491	Port Jervis, NY
5500	Port St. Lucie, FL
5510	Portland, ME
5511	Portland, IL
5530	Portland, OR
5550	Portsmouth, NH
5570	Portsmouth, OH
5590	Portsmouth, VA
5591	Pottstown, PA
5610	Pottsville, PA
5630	Poughkeepsie, NY
5650	Providence, RI
5660	Provo, UT
5670	Pueblo, CO
5671	Punxsutawney, PA
5690	Quincy, IL
5710	Quincy, MA
5730	Racine, WI
5731	Rahway, NJ
5750	Raleigh, NC
5751	Ranger, TX
5752	Rapid City, SD
5770	Rancho Cucamonga, CA
5790	Reading, PA
5791	Red Bank, NJ
5792	Redlands, CA
5810	Reno, NV
5811	Rensselaer, NY
5830	Revere, MA
5850	Richmond, IN
5870	Richmond, VA
5871	Richmond, CA
5872	Ridgefield Park, NJ
5873	Ridgewood, NJ
5874	River Rouge, MI
5890	Riverside, CA
5910	Roanoke, VA
5930	Rochester, NY
5931	Rochester, NH
5932	Rochester, MN
5933	Rock Hill, SC
5950	Rock Island, IL
5970	Rockford, IL
5971	Rockland, ME
5972	Rockton, IL
5973	Rockville Centre, NY
5974	Rocky Mount, NC
5990	Rome, NY
5991	Rome, GA
5992	Roosevelt, NJ
5993	Roselle, NJ
5994	Roswell, NM
5995	Roseville, CA
6010	Roxbury, MA
6011	Royal Oak, MI
6012	Rumford Falls, ME
6013	Rutherford, NJ
6014	Rutland, VT
6030	Sacramento, CA
6050	Saginaw, MI
6070	Saint Joseph, MO
6090	Saint Louis, MO
6110	Saint Paul, MN
6130	Saint Petersburg, FL
6150	Salem, MA
6170	Salem, OR
6171	Salem, OH
6172	Salina, KS
6190	Salinas, CA
6191	Salisbury, NC
6192	Salisbury, MD
6210	Salt Lake City, UT
6211	San Angelo, TX
6220	San Angelo, TX
6230	San Antonio, TX
6231	San Benito, TX
6250	San Bernardino, CA
6260	San Buenaventura (Ventura), CA
6270	San Diego, CA
6280	Sandusky, OH
6281	Sanford, FL
6282	Sanford, ME
6290	San Francisco, CA
6300	San Juan, PR
6310	San Jose, CA
6311	San Leandro, CA
6312	San Mateo, CA
6320	Santa Barbara, CA
6321	Santa Cruz, CA
6322	Santa Fe, NM
6330	Santa Ana, CA
6335	Santa Clara, CA
6340	Santa Clarita, CA
6350	Santa Rosa, CA
6351	Sapulpa, OK
6352	Saratoga Springs, NY
6353	Saugus, MA
6354	Sault Ste. Marie, MI
6360	Santa Monica, CA
6370	Savannah, GA
6390	Schenectedy, NY
6410	Scranton, PA
6430	Seattle, WA
6431	Sedalia, MO
6432	Selma, AL
6433	Seminole, OK
6434	Shaker Heights, OH
6435	Shamokin, PA
6437	Sharpsville, PA
6438	Shawnee, OK
6440	Sharon, PA
6450	Sheboygan, WI
6451	Shelby, NC
6452	Shelbyville, IN
6453	Shelton, CT
6470	Shenandoah Borough, PA
6471	Sherman, TX
6472	Shorewood, WI
6490	Shreveport, LA
6500	Simi Valley, CA
6510	Sioux City, IA
6530	Sioux Falls, SD
6550	Smithfield, RI (1850)
6570	Somerville, MA
6590	South Bend, IN
6591	South Bethlehem, PA
6592	South Boise, ID
6593	South Gate, CA
6594	South Milwaukee, WI
6595	South Norwalk, CT
6610	South Omaha, NE
6611	South Orange, NJ
6612	South Pasadena, CA
6613	South Pittsburgh, PA
6614	South Portland, ME
6615	South River, NJ
6616	South St. Paul, MN
6617	Southbridge, MA
6620	Spartanburg, SC
6630	Spokane, WA
6640	Spring Valley, NV
6650	Springfield, IL
6670	Springfield, MA
6690	Springfield, MO
6691	St. Augustine, FL
6692	St. Charles, MO
6693	St. Cloud, MN
6710	Springfield, OH
6730	Stamford, CT
6731	Statesville, NC
6732	Staunton, VA
6733	Steelton, PA
6734	Sterling, IL
6750	Sterling Heights, MI
6770	Steubenville, OH
6771	Stevens Point, WI
6772	Stillwater, MN
6789	Stowe, PA
6790	Stockton, CA
6791	Stoneham, MA
6792	Stonington, CT
6793	Stratford, CT
6794	Streator, IL
6795	Struthers, OH
6796	Suffolk, VA
6797	Summit, NJ
6798	Sumter, SC
6799	Sunbury, PA
6810	Sunnyvale, CA
6830	Superior, WI
6831	Swampscott, MA
6832	Sweetwater, TX
6833	Swissvale, PA
6850	Syracuse, NY
6870	Tacoma, WA
6871	Tallahassee, FL
6872	Tamaqua, PA
6890	Tampa, FL
6910	Taunton, MA
6911	Taylor, PA
6912	Temple, TX
6913	Teaneck, NJ
6930	Tempe, AZ
6950	Terre Haute, IN
6951	Texarkana, TX
6952	Thomasville, GA
6953	Thomasville, NC
6954	Tiffin, OH
6960	Thousand Oaks, CA
6970	Toledo, OH
6971	Tonawanda, NY
6990	Topeka, KS
6991	Torrington, CT
6992	Traverse City, MI
7000	Torrance, CA
7010	Trenton, NJ
7011	Trinidad, CO
7030	Troy, NY
7050	Tucson, AZ
7070	Tulsa, OK
7071	Turtle Creek, PA
7072	Tuscaloosa, AL
7073	Two Rivers, WI
7074	Tyler, TX
7079	Union, NJ
7080	Union City, NJ
7081	Uniontown, PA
7082	University City, MO
7083	Urbana, IL
7084	Upper Darby, PA
7090	Utica, NY
7091	Valdosta, GA
7092	Vallejo, CA
7093	Valley Stream, NY
7100	Vancouver, WA
7110	Vallejo, CA
7111	Vandergrift, PA
7112	Venice, CA
7120	Vicksburg, MS
7121	Vincennes, IN
7122	Virginia, MN
7123	Virginia City, NV
7130	Virginia Beach, VA
7140	Visalia, CA
7150	Waco, TX
7151	Wakefield, MA
7152	Walla Walla, WA
7153	Wallingford, CT
7170	Waltham, MA
7180	Warren, MI
7190	Warren, OH
7191	Warren, PA
7210	Warwick Town, RI
7230	Washington, DC
7231	Georgetown, DC
7241	Washington, PA
7242	Washington, VA
7250	Waterbury, CT
7270	Waterloo, IA
7290	Waterloo, NY
7310	Watertown, NY
7311	Watertown, WI
7312	Watertown, SD
7313	Watertown, MA
7314	Waterville, ME
7315	Watervliet, NY
7316	Waukegan, IL
7317	Waukesha, WI
7318	Wausau, WI
7319	Wauwatosa, WI
7320	West Covina, CA
7321	Waycross, GA
7322	Waynesboro, PA
7323	Webb City, MO
7324	Webster Groves, MO
7325	Webster, MA
7326	Wellesley, MA
7327	Wenatchee, WA
7328	Weehawken, NJ
7329	West Bay City, MI
7330	West Hoboken, NJ
7331	West Bethlehem, PA
7332	West Chester, PA
7333	West Frankfort, IL
7334	West Hartford, CT
7335	West Haven, CT
7340	West Allis, WI
7350	West New York, NJ
7351	West Orange, NJ
7352	West Palm Beach, FL
7353	West Springfield, MA
7370	West Troy, NY
7371	West Warwick, RI
7372	Westbrook, ME
7373	Westerly, RI
7374	Westfield, MA
7375	Westfield, NJ
7376	Wewoka, OK
7377	Weymouth, MA
7390	Wheeling, WV
7400	White Plains, NY
7401	Whiting, IN
7402	Whittier, CA
7410	Wichita, KS
7430	Wichita Falls, TX
7450	Wilkes-Barre, PA
7451	Wilkinsburg, PA
7460	Wilkinsburg, PA
7470	Williamsport, PA
7471	Willimantic, CT
7472	Wilmette, IL
7490	Wilmington, DE
7510	Wilmington, NC
7511	Wilson, NC
7512	Winchester, VA
7513	Winchester, MA
7514	Windham, CT
7515	Winnetka, IL
7516	Winona, MN
7530	Winston-Salem, NC
7531	Winthrop, MA
7532	Woburn, MA
7533	Woodlawn, PA
7534	Woodmont, CT
7535	Woodbridge, NJ
7550	Woonsocket, RI
7551	Wooster, OH
7570	Worcester, MA
7571	Wyandotte, MI
7572	Xenia, OH
7573	Yakima, WA
7590	Yonkers, NY
7610	York, PA
7630	Youngstown, OH
7631	Ypsilanti, MI
7650	Zanesville, OH

Variable: "PUMA"

Name:	PUMA
Label:	Public Use Microdata Area
Variable Text:	PUMA identifies the Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA) where the housing unit was located. In the 1990 State sample, PUMAs generally follow the boundaries of county groups, single counties, or census-defined "places". If these areas exceed 200,000 residents, they are divided into as many PUMAs of 100,000+ residents as possible. None of the 1990 State sample PUMAs cross state lines. For the 1990 Metro sample, PUMAs generally follow the boundaries of whole central cities, Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas, or non-metropolitan places (See METAREA for definitions of these terms). If these areas exceed 200,000 residents, they are divided into as many PUMAs of 100,000+ residents as possible. 1990 Metro sample PUMAs sometimes cross state lines; when they do, STATEFIP and STATEICP codes are not available for households in those PUMAs. PUMAs in the 2000 census, 2010 census, and the 2005-onward ACS/PRCS also consist of 100,000+ residents, and they do not cross state lines. Note that PUMA is state-dependent. The codes must be read in combination with one of the STATE variables (STATEFIP or STATEICP). PUMAs are categorized by type (e.g., metropolitan, mixed metro/nonmetro, non-metropolitan) in the variable PUMATYPE. PUMA is similar to the county group variables, CNTYGP97 (1970) and CNTYGP98 (1980), and the State Economic Area variable (SEA) for 1940 and 1950. Note Regarding Multi-Year Samples: The Census Bureau redraws PUMA boundaries every 10 years based on population information gathered from the most recent decennial census. ACS samples incorporate the new PUMAs within a few years of the Decennial Census. See the comparability statement to see which PUMAs are used in each sample. In Multi-Year ACS files, PUMA boundaries depend on the original year the respondent was interviewed (see MULTYEAR). For example in the 2010-2012 3-year ACS sample, respondents from 2010 and 2011 correspond to the Census 2000 based PUMAs, while respondents from 2012 correspond to the Census 2010 based PUMAs.
Concept:	Geographic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
Start Position:	76
End Position:	80
Width:	5
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesPUMA is a 5-digit numeric variable identifying the Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA) where the housing unit was located. PUMAs are categorized by type (e.g., metropolitan, mixed metro/nonmetro, non-metropolitan) in the variable PUMATYPE. PUMA is similar to the county group variables, CNTYGP97 (1970) and CNTYGP98 (1980), and the State Economic Area variable (SEA) for 1940 and 1950. PUMA specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below by Census year (and data sample if specified). User Note: PUMAs are drawn and coded differently for the 1990 State and Metro samples. In the 1990 State sample, PUMAs generally follow the boundaries of groups of counties, single counties, or census-defined "places". If such areas exceed 200,000 residents, they are divided into as many PUMAs of 100,000+ residents as possible. None of the 1990 State sample PUMAs cross state lines. In the 1990 Metro sample, PUMAs generally follow the boundaries of whole central cities, Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas, or non-metropolitan places (See METAREA for definitions of these terms). If these areas exceed 200,000 residents, they are divided into as many PUMAs of 100,000+ residents as possible. 1990 Metro sample PUMAs sometimes cross state lines; when they do, STATEFIP and STATEICP codes are not available for households in those PUMAs. PUMAs in the 2000 census, 2010 census, and the 2005-onward ACS/PRCS also consist of 100,000+ residents, and they do not cross state lines. User Note: PUMA is state-dependent, therefore the codes must be read in combination with one of the STATE variables: STATEFIP or STATEICP. PUMA Specific Variable Codes See links for details regarding PUMA codes: Census 2010 based PUMA map and Boundary files Census 2000 based PUMA and Super-PUMA Maps, Boundary files and Detailed Composition 1990 PUMA Maps, Boundary files and Detailed Composition 1990 PUMAs crossing state lines, 1 percent Metro sample User Note: In the 2006-2011 ACS, persons living in Louisiana PUMAs 01801, 01802, and 01905 were all coded as living in Louisiana PUMA 77777. This is because these three PUMAs no longer had sufficient population to be included as separate entities due the effects of hurricane Katrina.

Variable: "STRATA"

Name:	STRATA
Label:	Household strata for variance estimation
Variable Text:	STRATA is designed for use with CLUSTER in Taylor series linear approximation for correction of complex sample design characteristics. While appropriate use of the sampling weights PERWT and HHWT allow users to produce correct point estimates (such as means and proportions), many researchers believe that additional statistical techniques are also necessary to produce correct standard errors and statistical tests that account for complex sample design. For further information on why and how to use STRATA and CLUSTER, see Analysis and Variance Estimation with the IPUMS . For more details on the mathematics behind this method, see Issues Concerning the Calculation of Standard Errors Using IPUMS Data Products .
Concept:	Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
Start Position:	81
End Position:	92
Width:	12
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesSTRATA is a 12-digit numeric variable designed for use with CLUSTER in Taylor series linear approximation for correction of complex sample design characteristics. While appropriate use of the sampling weights PERWT and HHWT allow users to produce correct point estimates (such as means and proportions), many researchers believe that additional statistical techniques are also necessary to produce correct standard errors and statistical tests that account for complex sample design. STRATA specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below if applicable by Census year (and data sample if specified). User Note: For further information on why and how to use STRATA and CLUSTER, see Analysis and Variance Estimation with the IPUMS. For more details on the mathematics behind this method, see Issues Concerning the Calculation of Standard Errors Using IPUMS Data Products. STRATA Specific Variable Codes

Variable: "HOMELAND"

Name:

HOMELAND

Label:

American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian homeland area

Variable Text:

HOMELAND indicates whether the household is in a PUMA that includes any Census block that was designated as an American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian homeland area.

For Census 2000, the Census Bureau indicated whether or not each census block was within a homeland area. To create the IPUMS homeland variable, we have applied the Census Bureau's block-level measure of homeland status to the PUMAs available in the public use data from Census 2000, Census 2010, and the ACS samples from 2005 onwards.

The Census Bureau homeland areas can be either legal or statistical entities. Although they do not have the legal statuses of other areas, the statistical areas included in this measure are judged by local agencies to be substantially meaningful to the local native populations. Specifically:
"The legal entities consist of federally recognized American Indian reservations and off-reservation trust land areas, the tribal subdivisions that can divide these entities, state recognized American Indian reservations, Alaska Native Regional Corporations, and Hawaiian home lands. The statistical entities are Alaska Native village statistical areas, Oklahoma tribal statistical areas, tribal designated statistical areas, and state designated American Indian statistical areas. Tribal subdivisions can exist within the statistical Oklahoma tribal statistical areas." (U.S. Census Bureau 2001)The boundaries of these places do not follow state or local administrative lines because of the history of government-to-government relations between tribes and the federal government.

The overlap between the Census Bureau definition of homelands and the PUMAs which overlap those areas is far from perfect, as shown in the following map:
[Image omitted from DDI.]However, substantive research has shown that the PUMA-based IPUMS measure has substantial predictive power (Liebler, Carolyn A. 2010. "Homelands and Indigenous Identities in a Multiracial Era" Social Science Research 39:596-609).

Specific descriptions of the "legal and statistical American Indian, Alaska Native, and native Hawaiian entities for which the U.S. Census Bureau provides data for Census 2000" can be found here.

Block-level maps of American Indian, Alaska Native, Hawaiian Home Lands as of Census 2000 are available here.

Concept:

Geographic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

93

End Position:

93

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
1	PUMA does not include a homeland area
2	PUMA includes a homeland area

Variable: "GQ"

Name:

GQ

Label:

Group quarters status

Variable Text:

GQ classifies all housing units as falling into one of three main categories: households, group quarters, or vacant units. It also identifies fragmentary sample units for 1850-1930 (see below). In all years, the data available about a person and their co-residents depend on whether the person lives in a household or in group quarters. Households are sampled as units, meaning that everyone in the household is included in the sample, and most household-level variables are available. People living in group quarters are generally sampled as individuals; other people in their unit may or may not be included in the sample, and there is no way of linking co-residents' records to one another. If, however, a sampled person in group quarters was living with relatives, the related group was sampled for 1850-1930. Most household-level variables are not available for group quarters or for vacant units.

Group quarters are largely institutions and other group living arrangements, such as rooming houses and military barracks. The definitions vary from year to year, but the pre-1940 samples have generally used a definition of group quarters that includes units with 10 or more individuals unrelated to the householder. See the comparability discussion below and "Sample Designs" for more details about changing definitions of group quarters. Group-quarters types are identified in further detail by GQTYPE and GQFUNDS.

Concept:

Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

94

End Position:

94

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0	Vacant unit
1	Households under 1970 definition
2	Additional households under 1990 definition
3	Group quarters--Institutions
4	Other group quarters
5	Additional households under 2000 definition
6	Fragment

Variable: "RENT"

Name:

RENT

Label:

Monthly contract rent

Variable Text:

RENT reports the amount of the household's monthly contract rent payment. For vacant units (included beginning in 1970), RENT reports the amount for which landlord expected to rent the unit. This amount includes utilities, fuels, etc. only if they were included in the rent contract. Respondents were to report the full contract amount, even if payments were delinquent or made by someone outside the household. See also RENTGRS.

Amounts are expressed in contemporary dollars, and users studying change over time must adjust for inflation. See INCTOT for Consumer Price Index adjustment factors. The exception is the ACS/PRCS multi-year files, where all dollar amounts have been standardized to dollars as valued in the final year of data included in the file (e.g., 2007 dollars for the 2005-2007 3-year file). Additionally, more detail may be available than exists in the original ACS samples.

User Note: The traditional unit of land area in Puerto Rico is the cuerda. The cuerda is equal to about 3930 square meters, 4700 square yards, or 0.971 acres. Because the cuerda and the acre are so close in size, they are often treated informally as being equal. Mainlanders sometimes call the cuerda the "Spanish Acre." The IPUMS has preserved the units for the mainland U.S. as acres and for Puerto Rico as cuerdas.

Concept:

Economic Characteristic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

95

End Position:

98

Width:

4

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0000	N/A
0001	No cash rent (1980-1990)
0015	Less than $30 (1980 Puerto Rico Samples)
0025	$1-50
0010	$1-19
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
0011
0012
0013
0014
0016
0017
0018
0019
0020
0021
0022
0023
0024
0026
0027
0028
0029
0035	$30-39
0030
0031
0032
0033
0034
0036
0037
0038
0039
0045	$40-49
0040
0041
0042
0043
0044
0046
0047
0048
0049
0055	$50-59
0050
0051
0052
0053
0054
0056
0057
0058
0059
0065	$60-69
0060
0061
0062
0063
0064
0066
0067
0068
0069
0075	$70-79
0070
0071
0072
0073
0074
0076
0077
0078
0079
0085	$80-89
0090	$80-99 (1960 1%)
0080
0081
0082
0083
0084
0086
0087
0088
0089
0091
0092
0093
0094
0095
0096
0097
0098
0099
0110	$100-119 (1960 1%)
0100
0101
0102
0103
0104
0105
0106
0107
0108
0109
0115	$110-119
0125	$120-129
0135	$120-149 (1960 1%)
0145	$140-149
0155	$150-159
0165	$160-169
0175	$150-199 (1960 1%)
0185	$180-189
0195	$190-199
0212	$200-224
0237	$225-249
0275	$250-299 (Puerto Rico)
0262	$250-274
0287	$275-299
0325	$300-349
0375	$350-399
0450	$400-499 ($400+ Puerto Rico)
0500	$500+
0200	$200+ (1960 1%)
0112	$100-124
0137	$125-149
0162	$150-174
0187	$175-199
0282	$275-299
0312	$300-324
0337	$325-349
0362	$350-374
0387	$375-399
0412	$400-424
0437	$425-449
0462	$450-474
0487	$475-499
0525	$500-549 (Puerto Rico)
0512	$500-524
0537	$525-549
0575	$550-599
0625	$600-649
0675	$650-699
0725	$700-749
0875	$750-999
1000	$1,000+
8888	1960s cases to be allocated
9997
9998
9999	No cash rent (1940)
-001

Variable: "RENTGRS"

Name:

RENTGRS

Label:

Monthly gross rent

Variable Text:

RENTGRS reports the gross monthly rental cost of the housing unit, including contract rent plus additional costs for utilities (water, electricity, gas) and fuels (oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc.). The census PUMS for each year constructed this variable by adding the amounts reported for contract rent, utility costs, and fuel costs. RENTGRS amounts should be more comparable across renting households than RENT (Contract rent) amounts, which may or may not include utilities and fuels. See RENT for more discussion of contract rent.

Amounts are expressed in contemporary dollars, and users studying change over time must adjust for inflation (See INCTOT for Consumer Price Index adjustment factors). The exception is the ACS/PRCS multi-year files, where all dollar amounts have been standardized to dollars as valued in the final year of data included in the file (e.g., 2007 dollars for the 2005-2007 3-year file). Additionally, more detail may be available than exists in the original ACS samples.

Concept:

Economic Characteristic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

99

End Position:

102

Width:

4

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0000	N/A
0010	$1-19
0025	$20-29
0035	$30-39
0045	$40-49
0055	$50-59
0065	$60-69
0075	$70-79
0090	$80-99
0110	$100-119
0135	$120-149
0175	$150-199
0200	$200+

Variable: "HHINCOME"

Name:	HHINCOME
Label:	Total household income
Variable Text:	HHINCOME reports the total money income of all household members age 15+ during the previous year. The amount should equal the sum of all household members' individual incomes, as recorded in the person-record variable INCTOT. The persons included were those present in the household at the time of the census or survey. People who lived in the household during the previous year but who were no longer present at census time are not included, and members who did not live in the household during the previous year but who had joined the household by the time of the census or survey, are included. For the census, the reference period is the previous calendar year; for the ACS and the PRCS, it is the previous 12 months. Note that household income differs from family income, which is reported in FTOTINC. The family income variable only reports the incomes of household members related to the head, while HHINCOME includes the incomes of all household members. Amounts are expressed in contemporary dollars, and users studying change over time must adjust for inflation (See INCTOT for Consumer Price Index adjustment factors). The exception is the ACS/PRCS multi-year files, where all dollar amounts have been standardized to dollars as valued in the final year of data included in the file (e.g., 2007 dollars for the 2005-2007 3-year file). Additionally, more detail may be available than exists in the original ACS samples. User Note: ACS respondents are surveyed throughout the year, and amounts do not reflect calendar year dollars. While the Census Bureau provides an adjustment factor (available in ADJUST), this is an imperfect solution. See the ACS income variables note for further details.
Concept:	Economic Characteristic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD
Start Position:	103
End Position:	109
Width:	7
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesHHINCOME is a 7-digit numeric code which reports the total money income of all household members age 15+ during the previous year. The amount should equal the sum of all household members' individual incomes, as recorded in the person-record variable INCTOT. The persons included were those present in the household at the time of the census or survey. People who lived in the household during the previous year but who were no longer present at census time are not included, and members who did not live in the household during the previous year but who had joined the household by the time of the census or survey, are included. For the census, the reference period is the previous calendar year; for the ACS and the PRCS, it is the previous 12 months. Note that household income differs from family income, which is reported in FTOTINC. The family income variable only reports the incomes of household members related to the head, while HHINCOME includes the incomes of all household members. HHINCOME specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below by Census year (and data sample if specified). User Note: Amounts are expressed in contemporary dollars, and users studying change over time must adjust for inflation (See Description). HHINCOME Specific Variable Codes 9999999 = N/A * .indent { text-indent: 10px; } * .lrgindent { text-indent: 90px; } HHINCOME Census Bottom Code Top Code 1980 (US) -$9,995 $75,000 1980 (PR) - $50,000 1990 (US) $0  By State* 1990 (PR) -$59,999 - 2000 (US) -$19,998 - 2000 (PR) - - ACS -$19,998 - PRCS - -

Variable: "FOODSTMP"

Name:

FOODSTMP

Label:

Food stamp recipiency

Variable Text:

FOODSTMP indicates whether anyone in the household received Food Stamps (now called the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP) at any time in the past 12 months. The Food Stamp Act of 1977 was enacted to increase the food purchasing power of eligible households through the use of coupons to purchase food. The Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers the Food Stamp Program/SNAP through state and local welfare offices. The Food Stamp Program/SNAP is the major national income support program which provides benefits to all low-income and low-resource households, regardless of the person's characteristics (e.g., sex, age, disability, etc.). Although all of the ACS questionnaires 2007 and before asked respondents to report the total value of Food Stamps received in the past 12 months, this information is made publicly available only in the ACS and PRCS variable FDSTPAMT, which is available only from 2005-2007.

Concept:

Economic Characteristic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

110

End Position:

110

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0	N/A
1	No
2	Yes

Variable: "CIDATAPLN"

Name:

CIDATAPLN

Label:

Cellular data plan for a smartphone or other mobile device

Variable Text:

CIDATAPLN reports whether the respondent or any member of their household subscribed to the Internet using a cellular data plan for a smartphone or other mobile device.

User Note: The ACS 2016 introduced changes to the questions regarding computer use and Internet access. See the comparability section and questionnaire text for more information.

Concept:

Appliances, Mechanical, Other Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

111

End Position:

111

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0	N/A (GQ)
1	Yes
2	No

Variable: "CIHISPEED"

Name:

CIHISPEED

Label:

Broadband (high speed) Internet service such as cable, fiber optic, or DSL service

Variable Text:

CIHISPEED reports whether the respondent or any member of their household subscribed to the Internet using broadband (high speed) Internet service such as cable, fiber optic, or DSL service.

User Note: The ACS 2016 introduced changes to the questions regarding computer use and Internet access. See the comparability section and questionnaire text for more information. Additional information provided by the Census Bureau regarding these question alterations are available in the report: ACS Content Test Shows Need to Update Terminology

Concept:

Appliances, Mechanical, Other Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

112

End Position:

113

Width:

2

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
00	N/A (GQ)
10	Yes (Cable modem, fiber optic or DSL service)
11	Cable modem only
12	Fiber optic only
13	DSL service only
14	Cable modem + Fiber optic
15	Cable modem + DSL service
16	Fiber optic + DSL service
17	Cable modem, Fiber optic and DSL service
20	No

Variable: "CISAT"

Name:

CISAT

Label:

Satellite internet service

Variable Text:

CISAT reports whether the respondent or any member of their household subscribed to the Internet using a satellite internet service plan.

User Note: The ACS 2016 introduced changes to the questions regarding computer use and Internet access. See the comparability section and questionnaire text for more information.

Concept:

Appliances, Mechanical, Other Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

114

End Position:

114

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0	N/A (GQ)
1	Yes
2	No

Variable: "CIDIAL"

Name:

CIDIAL

Label:

Dial-up service

Variable Text:

CIDIAL reports whether the respondent or any member of their household subscribed to the Internet using a dial-up service plan.

User Note: The ACS 2016 introduced changes to the questions regarding computer use and Internet access. See the comparability section and questionnaire text for more information.

Concept:

Appliances, Mechanical, Other Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

115

End Position:

115

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0	N/A (GQ)
1	Yes
2	No

Variable: "CIOTHSVC"

Name:

CIOTHSVC

Label:

Other internet service

Variable Text:

CIOTHSVC reports whether the respondent or any member of their household subscribed to the Internet using some other service.

User Note: The ACS 2016 introduced changes to the questions regarding computer use and Internet access. See the comparability section and questionnaire text for more information.

Concept:

Appliances, Mechanical, Other Variables -- HOUSEHOLD

Start Position:

116

End Position:

116

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0	N/A (GQ)
1	Yes
2	No

Variable: "PERNUM"

Name:	PERNUM
Label:	Person number in sample unit
Variable Text:	PERNUM numbers all persons within each household consecutively in the order in which they appear on the original census or survey form. When combined with SAMPLE and SERIAL, PERNUM uniquely identifies each person within the IPUMS.
Concept:	Technical Variables -- PERSON
Start Position:	117
End Position:	120
Width:	4
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesPERNUM is a 4-digit numeric variable which numbers all persons within each household consecutively in the order in which they appear on the original census or survey form. PERNUM specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below if applicable by Census year (and data sample if specified).

Variable: "PERWT"

Name:	PERWT
Label:	Person weight
Variable Text:	PERWT indicates how many persons in the U.S. population are represented by a given person in an IPUMS sample. It is generally a good idea to use PERWT when conducting a person-level analysis of any IPUMS sample. The use of PERWT is optional when analyzing one of the "flat" or unweighted IPUMS samples. Flat IPUMS samples include the 1% samples from 1850-1930, all samples from 1960, 1970, and 1980, the 1% unweighted samples from 1990 and 2000, the 10% 2010 sample, and any of the full count 100% census datasets. PERWT must be used to obtain nationally representative statistics for person-level analyses of any sample other than those. For further explanation of the sample weights, see "Sample Designs" and "Sample Weights". See also HHWT for a corresponding variable at the household level, and SLWT for a weight variable used with sample-line records in 1940 and 1950.
Concept:	Technical Variables -- PERSON
Start Position:	121
End Position:	130
Width:	10
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	2
Coder Instructions:	CodesPERWT is a 6-digit numeric variable which indicates how many persons in the U.S. population are represented by a given person in an IPUMS sample and has two implied decimals. For example, a PERWT value of 010461 should be interpreted as 104.61. PERWT specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below if applicable by Census year (and data sample if specified). PERWT Specific Variable Codes

Variable: "FAMSIZE"

Name:

FAMSIZE

Label:

Number of own family members in household

Variable Text:

FAMSIZE counts the number of own family members residing with each individual, including the person her/himself. Persons not living with others related to them by blood, marriage/cohabitating partnership, or adoption are coded 1.

Concept:

Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

131

End Position:

132

Width:

2

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
01	1 family member present
02	2 family members present
03	3
04	4
05	5
06	6
07	7
08	8
09	9
10	10
11	11
12	12
13	13
14	14
15	15
16	16
17	17
18	18
19	19
20	20
21	21
22	22
23	23
24	24
25	25
26	26
27	27
28	28
29	29

Variable: "NCHILD"

Name:

NCHILD

Label:

Number of own children in the household

Variable Text:

NCHILD counts the number of own children (of any age or marital status) residing with each individual. NCHILD includes step-children and adopted children as well as biological children. Persons with no children present are coded "0."

Concept:

Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

133

End Position:

133

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0	0 children present
1	1 child present
2	2
3	3
4	4
5	5
6	6
7	7
8	8
9	9+

Variable: "SEX"

Name:

SEX

Label:

Sex

Variable Text:

SEX reports whether the person was male or female.

Concept:

Demographic Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

134

End Position:

134

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
1	Male
2	Female

Variable: "AGE"

Name:

AGE

Label:

Age

Variable Text:

AGE reports the person's age in years as of the last birthday.

Please see the Comparability section regarding a known Universe issue with AGE and AGEORIG which effects EMPSTAT and LABFORCE for the 2004 ACS Sample.

Concept:

Demographic Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

135

End Position:

137

Width:

3

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
000	Less than 1 year old
001	1
002	2
003	3
004	4
005	5
006	6
007	7
008	8
009	9
010	10
011	11
012	12
013	13
014	14
015	15
016	16
017	17
018	18
019	19
020	20
021	21
022	22
023	23
024	24
025	25
026	26
027	27
028	28
029	29
030	30
031	31
032	32
033	33
034	34
035	35
036	36
037	37
038	38
039	39
040	40
041	41
042	42
043	43
044	44
045	45
046	46
047	47
048	48
049	49
050	50
051	51
052	52
053	53
054	54
055	55
056	56
057	57
058	58
059	59
060	60
061	61
062	62
063	63
064	64
065	65
066	66
067	67
068	68
069	69
070	70
071	71
072	72
073	73
074	74
075	75
076	76
077	77
078	78
079	79
080	80
081	81
082	82
083	83
084	84
085	85
086	86
087	87
088	88
089	89
090	90 (90+ in 1980 and 1990)
091	91
092	92
093	93
094	94
095	95
096	96
097	97
098	98
099	99
100	100 (100+ in 1960-1970)
101	101
102	102
103	103
104	104
105	105
106	106
107	107
108	108
109	109
110	110
111	111
112	112 (112+ in the 1980 internal data)
113	113
114	114
115	115 (115+ in the 1990 internal data)
116	116
117	117
118	118
119	119
120	120
121	121
122	122
123	123
124	124
125	125
126	126
129	129
130	130
135	135

Variable: "RACE"

Name:

RACE

Label:

Race [general version]

Variable Text:

With the exception of the 1970-1990 Puerto Rican censuses, RACE was asked of every person in all years. The concept of race has changed over the more than 150 years represented in the IPUMS. Currently, the Census Bureau and others consider race to be a sociopolitical construct, not a scientific or anthropological one. Many detailed RACE categories consist of national origin groups. Beginning in 2000, the race question changed substantially to allow respondents to report as many races as they felt necessary to describe themselves. In earlier years, only one race response was coded.

IPUMS offers several variables describing the answer(s) to the race question. RACE provides the full detail given by the respondent and/or released by the Census Bureau; it is not always historically compatible (see comparability discussion below). Users primarily interested in historical compatibility should consider using RACESING, and should consult the race code relationship page, Relationship between RACE and RACESING codes, for detail about how the RACE and RACESING codes are related.

In addition, specific combinations of major races can be discerned using the following bivariate indicators of whether a particular race group was reported: RACAMIND, RACASIAN, RACBLK, RACOTHER, RACPACIS, and RACWHT. RACNUM indicates the total number of major race groups reported for an individual. The information contained in the bivariate indicators and in RACNUM is integrated into the detailed version of RACE. Users primarily interested in historical comparability should consider using RACESING and/or the accompanying variables PROBAI, PROBAPI, PROBBLK, PROBOTH, and PROBWHT. Note that Hispanic origin is assessed through separate questioning (see HISPAN).

Prior to 1960, the census enumerator was responsible for categorizing persons and was not specifically instructed to ask the individual his or her race. In 1970 and later years, an individual's race was reported by someone in the household or group quarters. In the 1990 U.S. census, the 2000 U.S. and Puerto Rican censuses, the ACS, and the PRCS respondents were specifically asked what race the person "considers himself/herself" to be, although such self-description was more or less operative since 1960.

User Note: Race questions were not asked in the Puerto Rican censuses of 1970, 1980, and 1990. They were asked in the 1910 and 1920 Puerto Rican censuses, the 2000-2010 Puerto Rican censuses, and the PRCS.

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

138

End Position:

138

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
1	White
2	Black/African American/Negro
3	American Indian or Alaska Native
4	Chinese
5	Japanese
6	Other Asian or Pacific Islander
7	Other race, nec
8	Two major races
9	Three or more major races

Variable: "RACED"

Name:

RACED

Label:

Race [detailed version]

Variable Text:

With the exception of the 1970-1990 Puerto Rican censuses, RACE was asked of every person in all years. The concept of race has changed over the more than 150 years represented in the IPUMS. Currently, the Census Bureau and others consider race to be a sociopolitical construct, not a scientific or anthropological one. Many detailed RACE categories consist of national origin groups. Beginning in 2000, the race question changed substantially to allow respondents to report as many races as they felt necessary to describe themselves. In earlier years, only one race response was coded.

IPUMS offers several variables describing the answer(s) to the race question. RACE provides the full detail given by the respondent and/or released by the Census Bureau; it is not always historically compatible (see comparability discussion below). Users primarily interested in historical compatibility should consider using RACESING, and should consult the race code relationship page, Relationship between RACE and RACESING codes, for detail about how the RACE and RACESING codes are related.

In addition, specific combinations of major races can be discerned using the following bivariate indicators of whether a particular race group was reported: RACAMIND, RACASIAN, RACBLK, RACOTHER, RACPACIS, and RACWHT. RACNUM indicates the total number of major race groups reported for an individual. The information contained in the bivariate indicators and in RACNUM is integrated into the detailed version of RACE. Users primarily interested in historical comparability should consider using RACESING and/or the accompanying variables PROBAI, PROBAPI, PROBBLK, PROBOTH, and PROBWHT. Note that Hispanic origin is assessed through separate questioning (see HISPAN).

Prior to 1960, the census enumerator was responsible for categorizing persons and was not specifically instructed to ask the individual his or her race. In 1970 and later years, an individual's race was reported by someone in the household or group quarters. In the 1990 U.S. census, the 2000 U.S. and Puerto Rican censuses, the ACS, and the PRCS respondents were specifically asked what race the person "considers himself/herself" to be, although such self-description was more or less operative since 1960.

User Note: Race questions were not asked in the Puerto Rican censuses of 1970, 1980, and 1990. They were asked in the 1910 and 1920 Puerto Rican censuses, the 2000-2010 Puerto Rican censuses, and the PRCS.

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

139

End Position:

141

Width:

3

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
100	White
110	Spanish write_in
120	Blank (white) (1850)
130	Portuguese
140	Mexican (1930)
150	Puerto Rican (1910 Hawaii)
200	Black/African American/Negro
210	Mulatto
300	American Indian/Alaska Native
302	Apache
303	Blackfoot
304	Cherokee
305	Cheyenne
306	Chickasaw
307	Chippewa
308	Choctaw
309	Comanche
310	Creek
311	Crow
312	Iroquois
313	Kiowa
314	Lumbee
315	Navajo
316	Osage
317	Paiute
318	Pima
319	Potawatomi
320	Pueblo
321	Seminole
322	Shoshone
323	Sioux
324	Tlingit (Tlingit_Haida, 2000/ACS)
325	Tohono O Odham
326	All other tribes (1990)
328	Hopi
329	Central American Indian
330	Spanish American Indian
350	Delaware
351	Latin American Indian
352	Puget Sound Salish
353	Yakama
354	Yaqui
355	Colville
356	Houma
357	Menominee
358	Yuman
359	South American Indian
360	Mexican American Indian
361	Other Amer. Indian tribe (2000,ACS)
362	2+ Amer. Indian tribes (2000,ACS)
370	Alaskan Athabaskan
371	Aleut
372	Eskimo
373	Alaskan mixed
374	Inupiat
375	Yup'ik
379	Other Alaska Native tribe(s) (2000,ACS)
398	Both Am. Ind. and Alaska Native (2000,ACS)
399	Tribe not specified
400	Chinese
410	Taiwanese
420	Chinese and Taiwanese
500	Japanese
600	Filipino
610	Asian Indian (Hindu 1920_1940)
620	Korean
630	Hawaiian
631	Hawaiian and Asian (1900,1920)
632	Hawaiian and European (1900,1920)
634	Hawaiian mixed
640	Vietnamese
641	Bhutanese
642	Mongolian
643	Nepalese
650	Other Asian or Pacific Islander (1920,1980)
651	Asian only (CPS)
652	Pacific Islander only (CPS)
653	Asian or Pacific Islander, n.s. (1990 Internal Census files)
660	Cambodian
661	Hmong
662	Laotian
663	Thai
664	Bangladeshi
665	Burmese
666	Indonesian
667	Malaysian
668	Okinawan
669	Pakistani
670	Sri Lankan
671	Other Asian, n.e.c.
672	Asian, not specified
673	Chinese and Japanese
674	Chinese and Filipino
675	Chinese and Vietnamese
676	Chinese and Asian write_in
677	Japanese and Filipino
678	Asian Indian and Asian write_in
679	Other Asian race combinations
680	Samoan
681	Tahitian
682	Tongan
683	Other Polynesian (1990)
684	1+ other Polynesian races (2000,ACS)
685	Guamanian/Chamorro
686	Northern Mariana Islander
687	Palauan
688	Other Micronesian (1990)
689	1+ other Micronesian races (2000,ACS)
690	Fijian
691	Other Melanesian (1990)
692	1+ other Melanesian races (2000,ACS)
698	2+ PI races from 2+ PI regions
699	Pacific Islander, n.s.
700	Other race, n.e.c.
801	White and Black
802	White and AIAN
810	White and Asian
811	White and Chinese
812	White and Japanese
813	White and Filipino
814	White and Asian Indian
815	White and Korean
816	White and Vietnamese
817	White and Asian write_in
818	White and other Asian race(s)
819	White and two or more Asian groups
820	White and PI
821	White and Native Hawaiian
822	White and Samoan
823	White and Guamanian
824	White and PI write_in
825	White and other PI race(s)
826	White and other race write_in
827	White and other race, n.e.c.
830	Black and AIAN
831	Black and Asian
832	Black and Chinese
833	Black and Japanese
834	Black and Filipino
835	Black and Asian Indian
836	Black and Korean
837	Black and Asian write_in
838	Black and other Asian race(s)
840	Black and PI
841	Black and PI write_in
842	Black and other PI race(s)
845	Black and other race write_in
850	AIAN and Asian
851	AIAN and Filipino (2000 1%)
852	AIAN and Asian Indian
853	AIAN and Asian write_in (2000 1%)
854	AIAN and other Asian race(s)
855	AIAN and PI
856	AIAN and other race write_in
860	Asian and PI
861	Chinese and Hawaiian
862	Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian (2000 1%)
863	Japanese and Hawaiian (2000 1%)
864	Filipino and Hawaiian
865	Filipino and PI write_in
866	Asian Indian and PI write_in (2000 1%)
867	Asian write_in and PI write_in
868	Other Asian race(s) and PI race(s)
869	Japanese and Korean (ACS)
880	Asian and other race write_in
881	Chinese and other race write_in
882	Japanese and other race write_in
883	Filipino and other race write_in
884	Asian Indian and other race write_in
885	Asian write_in and other race write_in
886	Other Asian race(s) and other race write_in
887	Chinese and Korean
890	PI and other race write_in:
891	PI write_in and other race write_in
892	Other PI race(s) and other race write_in
893	Native Hawaiian or PI other race(s)
899	API and other race write_in
901	White, Black, AIAN
902	White, Black, Asian
903	White, Black, PI
904	White, Black, other race write_in
905	White, AIAN, Asian
906	White, AIAN, PI
907	White, AIAN, other race write_in
910	White, Asian, PI
911	White, Chinese, Hawaiian
912	White, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian (2000 1%)
913	White, Japanese, Hawaiian (2000 1%)
914	White, Filipino, Hawaiian
915	Other White, Asian race(s), PI race(s)
916	White, AIAN and Filipino
917	White, Black, and Filipino
920	White, Asian, other race write_in
921	White, Filipino, other race write_in (2000 1%)
922	White, Asian write_in, other race write_in (2000 1%)
923	Other White, Asian race(s), other race write_in (2000 1%)
925	White, PI, other race write_in
930	Black, AIAN, Asian
931	Black, AIAN, PI
932	Black, AIAN, other race write_in
933	Black, Asian, PI
934	Black, Asian, other race write_in
935	Black, PI, other race write_in
940	AIAN, Asian, PI
941	AIAN, Asian, other race write_in
942	AIAN, PI, other race write_in
943	Asian, PI, other race write_in
944	Asian (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese); and Native Hawaiian or PI; and Other
949	2 or 3 races (CPS)
950	White, Black, AIAN, Asian
951	White, Black, AIAN, PI
952	White, Black, AIAN, other race write_in
953	White, Black, Asian, PI
954	White, Black, Asian, other race write_in
955	White, Black, PI, other race write_in
960	White, AIAN, Asian, PI
961	White, AIAN, Asian, other race write_in
962	White, AIAN, PI, other race write_in
963	White, Asian, PI, other race write_in
964	White, Chinese, Japanese, Native Hawaiian
970	Black, AIAN, Asian, PI
971	Black, AIAN, Asian, other race write_in
972	Black, AIAN, PI, other race write_in
973	Black, Asian, PI, other race write_in
974	AIAN, Asian, PI, other race write_in
975	AIAN, Asian, PI, Hawaiian other race write_in
976	Two specified Asian (Chinese and other Asian, Chinese and Japanese, Japanese and other Asian, Korean and other Asian); Native Hawaiian/PI; and Other Race
980	White, Black, AIAN, Asian, PI
981	White, Black, AIAN, Asian, other race write_in
982	White, Black, AIAN, PI, other race write_in
983	White, Black, Asian, PI, other race write_in
984	White, AIAN, Asian, PI, other race write_in
985	Black, AIAN, Asian, PI, other race write_in
986	Black, AIAN, Asian, PI, Hawaiian, other race write_in
989	4 or 5 races (CPS)
990	White, Black, AIAN, Asian, PI, other race write_in
991	White race; Some other race; Black or African American race and/or American Indian and Alaska Native race and/or Asian groups and/or Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander groups
996	2+ races, n.e.c. (CPS)

Variable: "HISPAN"

Name:

HISPAN

Label:

Hispanic origin [general version]

Variable Text:

HISPAN identifies persons of Hispanic/Spanish/Latino origin and classifies them according to their country of origin when possible. Origin is defined by the Census Bureau as ancestry, lineage, heritage, nationality group, or country of birth. People of Hispanic origin may be of any race; see RACE for a discussion of coding issues involved. Users should note that race questions were not asked in the Puerto Rican censuses of 1970, 1980 and 1990. They were asked in the 1910 and 1920 Puerto Rican censuses, and in the 2000 and 2010 Puerto Rican census and the PRCS. However, questions assessing Spanish/Hispanic origin were not asked in the Puerto Rican censuses prior to 2000.

The HISPAN general code covers country-of-origin classifications common to all years; the detailed code distinguishes additional groups and subgroups. See HISPRULE for details on how country of origin information was assigned prior to 1980.

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

142

End Position:

142

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0	Not Hispanic
1	Mexican
2	Puerto Rican
3	Cuban
4	Other
9	Not Reported

Variable: "HISPAND"

Name:

HISPAND

Label:

Hispanic origin [detailed version]

Variable Text:

HISPAN identifies persons of Hispanic/Spanish/Latino origin and classifies them according to their country of origin when possible. Origin is defined by the Census Bureau as ancestry, lineage, heritage, nationality group, or country of birth. People of Hispanic origin may be of any race; see RACE for a discussion of coding issues involved. Users should note that race questions were not asked in the Puerto Rican censuses of 1970, 1980 and 1990. They were asked in the 1910 and 1920 Puerto Rican censuses, and in the 2000 and 2010 Puerto Rican census and the PRCS. However, questions assessing Spanish/Hispanic origin were not asked in the Puerto Rican censuses prior to 2000.

The HISPAN general code covers country-of-origin classifications common to all years; the detailed code distinguishes additional groups and subgroups. See HISPRULE for details on how country of origin information was assigned prior to 1980.

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

143

End Position:

145

Width:

3

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
000	Not Hispanic
100	Mexican
102	Mexican American
103	Mexicano/Mexicana
104	Chicano/Chicana
105	La Raza
106	Mexican American Indian
107	Mexico
200	Puerto Rican
300	Cuban
401	Central American Indian
402	Canal Zone
411	Costa Rican
412	Guatemalan
413	Honduran
414	Nicaraguan
415	Panamanian
416	Salvadoran
417	Central American, n.e.c.
420	Argentinean
421	Bolivian
422	Chilean
423	Colombian
424	Ecuadorian
425	Paraguayan
426	Peruvian
427	Uruguayan
428	Venezuelan
429	South American Indian
430	Criollo
431	South American, n.e.c.
450	Spaniard
451	Andalusian
452	Asturian
453	Castillian
454	Catalonian
455	Balearic Islander
456	Gallego
457	Valencian
458	Canarian
459	Spanish Basque
460	Dominican
465	Latin American
470	Hispanic
480	Spanish
490	Californio
491	Tejano
492	Nuevo Mexicano
493	Spanish American
494	Spanish American Indian
495	Meso American Indian
496	Mestizo
498	Other, n.s.
499	Other, n.e.c.
900	Not Reported

Variable: "BPL"

Name:

BPL

Label:

Birthplace [general version]

Variable Text:

BPL indicates the U.S. state, the outlying U.S. area or territory, or the foreign country where the person was born.

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

146

End Position:

148

Width:

3

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
001	Alabama
002	Alaska
004	Arizona
005	Arkansas
006	California
008	Colorado
009	Connecticut
010	Delaware
011	District of Columbia
012	Florida
013	Georgia
015	Hawaii
016	Idaho
017	Illinois
018	Indiana
019	Iowa
020	Kansas
021	Kentucky
022	Louisiana
023	Maine
024	Maryland
025	Massachusetts
026	Michigan
027	Minnesota
028	Mississippi
029	Missouri
030	Montana
031	Nebraska
032	Nevada
033	New Hampshire
034	New Jersey
035	New Mexico
036	New York
037	North Carolina
038	North Dakota
039	Ohio
040	Oklahoma
041	Oregon
042	Pennsylvania
044	Rhode Island
045	South Carolina
046	South Dakota
047	Tennessee
048	Texas
049	Utah
050	Vermont
051	Virginia
053	Washington
054	West Virginia
055	Wisconsin
056	Wyoming
090	Native American
099	United States, ns
100	American Samoa
105	Guam
110	Puerto Rico
115	U.S. Virgin Islands
120	Other US Possessions
150	Canada
155	St. Pierre and Miquelon
160	Atlantic Islands
199	North America, ns
200	Mexico
210	Central America
250	Cuba
260	West Indies
299	Americas, n.s.
300	SOUTH AMERICA
400	Denmark
401	Finland
402	Iceland
403	Lapland, n.s.
404	Norway
405	Sweden
410	England
411	Scotland
412	Wales
413	United Kingdom, ns
414	Ireland
419	Northern Europe, ns
420	Belgium
421	France
422	Liechtenstein
423	Luxembourg
424	Monaco
425	Netherlands
426	Switzerland
429	Western Europe, ns
430	Albania
431	Andorra
432	Gibraltar
433	Greece
434	Italy
435	Malta
436	Portugal
437	San Marino
438	Spain
439	Vatican City
440	Southern Europe, ns
450	Austria
451	Bulgaria
452	Czechoslovakia
453	Germany
454	Hungary
455	Poland
456	Romania
457	Yugoslavia
458	Central Europe, ns
459	Eastern Europe, ns
460	Estonia
461	Latvia
462	Lithuania
463	Baltic States, ns
465	Other USSR/Russia
499	Europe, ns
500	China
501	Japan
502	Korea
509	East Asia, ns
510	Brunei
511	Cambodia (Kampuchea)
512	Indonesia
513	Laos
514	Malaysia
515	Philippines
516	Singapore
517	Thailand
518	Vietnam
519	Southeast Asia, ns
520	Afghanistan
521	India
522	Iran
523	Maldives
524	Nepal
530	Bahrain
531	Cyprus
532	Iraq
533	Iraq/Saudi Arabia
534	Israel/Palestine
535	Jordan
536	Kuwait
537	Lebanon
538	Oman
539	Qatar
540	Saudi Arabia
541	Syria
542	Turkey
543	United Arab Emirates
544	Yemen Arab Republic (North)
545	Yemen, PDR (South)
546	Persian Gulf States, n.s.
547	Middle East, ns
548	Southwest Asia, nec/ns
549	Asia Minor, ns
550	South Asia, nec
599	Asia, nec/ns
600	AFRICA
700	Australia and New Zealand
710	Pacific Islands
800	Antarctica, ns/nec
900	Abroad (unknown) or at sea
950	Other n.e.c.
999	Missing/blank

Variable: "BPLD"

Name:

BPLD

Label:

Birthplace [detailed version]

Variable Text:

BPL indicates the U.S. state, the outlying U.S. area or territory, or the foreign country where the person was born.

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

149

End Position:

153

Width:

5

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
00100	Alabama
00200	Alaska
00400	Arizona
00500	Arkansas
00600	California
00800	Colorado
00900	Connecticut
01000	Delaware
01100	District of Columbia
01200	Florida
01300	Georgia
01500	Hawaii
01600	Idaho
01610	Idaho Territory
01700	Illinois
01800	Indiana
01900	Iowa
02000	Kansas
02100	Kentucky
02200	Louisiana
02300	Maine
02400	Maryland
02500	Massachusetts
02600	Michigan
02700	Minnesota
02800	Mississippi
02900	Missouri
03000	Montana
03100	Nebraska
03200	Nevada
03300	New Hampshire
03400	New Jersey
03500	New Mexico
03510	New Mexico Territory
03600	New York
03700	North Carolina
03800	North Dakota
03900	Ohio
04000	Oklahoma
04010	Indian Territory
04100	Oregon
04200	Pennsylvania
04400	Rhode Island
04500	South Carolina
04600	South Dakota
04610	Dakota Territory
04700	Tennessee
04800	Texas
04900	Utah
04910	Utah Territory
05000	Vermont
05100	Virginia
05300	Washington
05400	West Virginia
05500	Wisconsin
05600	Wyoming
05610	Wyoming Territory
09000	Native American
09900	United States, ns
10000	American Samoa
10010	Samoa, 1940-1950
10500	Guam
11000	Puerto Rico
11500	U.S. Virgin Islands
11510	St. Croix
11520	St. John
11530	St. Thomas
12000	Other US Possessions:
12010	Johnston Atoll
12020	Midway Islands
12030	Wake Island
12040	Other US Caribbean Islands
12041	Navassa Island
12050	Other US Pacific Islands
12051	Baker Island
12052	Howland Island
12053	Jarvis Island
12054	Kingman Reef
12055	Palmyra Atoll
12056	Canton and Enderbury Island
12090	US outlying areas, ns
12091	US possessions, ns
12092	US territory, ns
15000	Canada
15010	English Canada
15011	British Columbia
15013	Alberta
15015	Saskatchewan
15017	Northwest
15019	Ruperts Land
15020	Manitoba
15021	Red River
15030	Ontario/Upper Canada
15031	Upper Canada
15032	Canada West
15040	New Brunswick
15050	Nova Scotia
15051	Cape Breton
15052	Halifax
15060	Prince Edward Island
15070	Newfoundland
15080	French Canada
15081	Quebec
15082	Lower Canada
15083	Canada East
15500	St. Pierre and Miquelon
16000	Atlantic Islands
16010	Bermuda
16020	Cape Verde
16030	Falkland Islands
16040	Greenland
16050	St. Helena and Ascension
16060	Canary Islands
19900	North America, ns
20000	Mexico
21000	Central America
21010	Belize/British Honduras
21020	Costa Rica
21030	El Salvador
21040	Guatemala
21050	Honduras
21060	Nicaragua
21070	Panama
21071	Canal Zone
21090	Central America, ns
25000	Cuba
26000	West Indies
26010	Dominican Republic
26020	Haiti
26030	Jamaica
26040	British West Indies
26041	Anguilla
26042	Antigua-Barbuda
26043	Bahamas
26044	Barbados
26045	British Virgin Islands
26046	Anegada
26047	Cooper
26048	Jost Van Dyke
26049	Peter
26050	Tortola
26051	Virgin Gorda
26052	Br. Virgin Islands, ns
26053	Cayman Islands
26054	Dominica
26055	Grenada
26056	Montserrat
26057	St. Kitts-Nevis
26058	St. Lucia
26059	St. Vincent
26060	Trinidad and Tobago
26061	Turks and Caicos
26069	Br. Virgin Islands, ns
26070	Other West Indies
26071	Aruba
26072	Netherlands Antilles
26073	Bonaire
26074	Curacao
26075	Dutch St. Maarten
26076	Saba
26077	St. Eustatius
26079	Dutch Caribbean, ns
26080	French St. Maarten
26081	Guadeloupe
26082	Martinique
26083	St. Barthelemy
26089	French Caribbean, ns
26090	Antilles, ns
26091	Caribbean, ns
26092	Latin America, ns
26093	Leeward Islands, ns
26094	West Indies, ns
26095	Windward Islands, ns
29900	Americas, ns
30000	South America
30005	Argentina
30010	Bolivia
30015	Brazil
30020	Chile
30025	Colombia
30030	Ecuador
30035	French Guiana
30040	Guyana/British Guiana
30045	Paraguay
30050	Peru
30055	Suriname
30060	Uruguay
30065	Venezuela
30090	South America, ns
30091	South and Central America, n.s.
40000	Denmark
40010	Faeroe Islands
40100	Finland
40200	Iceland
40300	Lapland, ns
40400	Norway
40410	Svalbard and Jan Meyen
40411	Svalbard
40412	Jan Meyen
40500	Sweden
41000	England
41010	Channel Islands
41011	Guernsey
41012	Jersey
41020	Isle of Man
41100	Scotland
41200	Wales
41300	United Kingdom, ns
41400	Ireland
41410	Northern Ireland
41900	Northern Europe, ns
42000	Belgium
42100	France
42110	Alsace-Lorraine
42111	Alsace
42112	Lorraine
42200	Liechtenstein
42300	Luxembourg
42400	Monaco
42500	Netherlands
42600	Switzerland
42900	Western Europe, ns
43000	Albania
43100	Andorra
43200	Gibraltar
43300	Greece
43310	Dodecanese Islands
43320	Turkey Greece
43330	Macedonia
43400	Italy
43500	Malta
43600	Portugal
43610	Azores
43620	Madeira Islands
43630	Cape Verde Islands
43640	St. Miguel
43700	San Marino
43800	Spain
43900	Vatican City
44000	Southern Europe, ns
45000	Austria
45010	Austria-Hungary
45020	Austria-Graz
45030	Austria-Linz
45040	Austria-Salzburg
45050	Austria-Tyrol
45060	Austria-Vienna
45070	Austria-Kaernsten
45080	Austria-Neustadt
45100	Bulgaria
45200	Czechoslovakia
45210	Bohemia
45211	Bohemia-Moravia
45212	Slovakia
45213	Czech Republic
45300	Germany
45301	Berlin
45302	West Berlin
45303	East Berlin
45310	West Germany
45311	Baden
45312	Bavaria
45313	Braunschweig
45314	Bremen
45315	Hamburg
45316	Hanover
45317	Hessen
45318	Hesse-Nassau
45319	Lippe
45320	Lubeck
45321	Oldenburg
45322	Rheinland
45323	Schaumburg-Lippe
45324	Schleswig
45325	Sigmaringen
45326	Schwarzburg
45327	Westphalia
45328	Wurttemberg
45329	Waldeck
45330	Wittenberg
45331	Frankfurt
45332	Saarland
45333	Nordrhein-Westfalen
45340	East Germany
45341	Anhalt
45342	Brandenburg
45344	Kingdom of Saxony
45345	Mecklenburg
45346	Saxony
45347	Thuringian States
45348	Sachsen-Meiningen
45349	Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
45350	Probable Saxony
45351	Schwerin
45352	Strelitz
45353	Probably Thuringian States
45360	Prussia, nec
45361	Hohenzollern
45362	Niedersachsen
45400	Hungary
45500	Poland
45510	Austrian Poland
45511	Galicia
45520	German Poland
45521	East Prussia
45522	Pomerania
45523	Posen
45524	Prussian Poland
45525	Silesia
45526	West Prussia
45530	Russian Poland
45600	Romania
45610	Transylvania
45700	Yugoslavia
45710	Croatia
45720	Montenegro
45730	Serbia
45740	Bosnia
45750	Dalmatia
45760	Slovonia
45770	Carniola
45780	Slovenia
45790	Kosovo
45800	Central Europe, ns
45900	Eastern Europe, ns
46000	Estonia
46100	Latvia
46200	Lithuania
46300	Baltic States, ns
46500	Other USSR/Russia
46510	Byelorussia
46520	Moldavia
46521	Bessarabia
46530	Ukraine
46540	Armenia
46541	Azerbaijan
46542	Republic of Georgia
46543	Kazakhstan
46544	Kirghizia
46545	Tadzhik
46546	Turkmenistan
46547	Uzbekistan
46548	Siberia
46590	USSR, ns
49900	Europe, ns.
50000	China
50010	Hong Kong
50020	Macau
50030	Mongolia
50040	Taiwan
50100	Japan
50200	Korea
50210	North Korea
50220	South Korea
50900	East Asia, ns
51000	Brunei
51100	Cambodia (Kampuchea)
51200	Indonesia
51210	East Indies
51220	East Timor
51300	Laos
51400	Malaysia
51500	Philippines
51600	Singapore
51700	Thailand
51800	Vietnam
51900	Southeast Asia, ns
51910	Indochina, ns
52000	Afghanistan
52100	India
52110	Bangladesh
52120	Bhutan
52130	Burma (Myanmar)
52140	Pakistan
52150	Sri Lanka (Ceylon)
52200	Iran
52300	Maldives
52400	Nepal
53000	Bahrain
53100	Cyprus
53200	Iraq
53210	Mesopotamia
53300	Iraq/Saudi Arabia
53400	Israel/Palestine
53410	Gaza Strip
53420	Palestine
53430	West Bank
53440	Israel
53500	Jordan
53600	Kuwait
53700	Lebanon
53800	Oman
53900	Qatar
54000	Saudi Arabia
54100	Syria
54200	Turkey
54210	European Turkey
54220	Asian Turkey
54300	United Arab Emirates
54400	Yemen Arab Republic (North)
54500	Yemen, PDR (South)
54600	Persian Gulf States, ns
54700	Middle East, ns
54800	Southwest Asia, nec/ns
54900	Asia Minor, ns
55000	South Asia, nec
59900	Asia, nec/ns
60000	Africa
60010	Northern Africa
60011	Algeria
60012	Egypt/United Arab Rep.
60013	Libya
60014	Morocco
60015	Sudan
60016	Tunisia
60017	Western Sahara
60019	North Africa, ns
60020	Benin
60021	Burkina Faso
60022	Gambia
60023	Ghana
60024	Guinea
60025	Guinea-Bissau
60026	Ivory Coast
60027	Liberia
60028	Mali
60029	Mauritania
60030	Niger
60031	Nigeria
60032	Senegal
60033	Sierra Leone
60034	Togo
60038	Western Africa, ns
60039	French West Africa, ns
60040	British Indian Ocean Territory
60041	Burundi
60042	Comoros
60043	Djibouti
60044	Ethiopia
60045	Kenya
60046	Madagascar
60047	Malawi
60048	Mauritius
60049	Mozambique
60050	Reunion
60051	Rwanda
60052	Seychelles
60053	Somalia
60054	Tanzania
60055	Uganda
60056	Zambia
60057	Zimbabwe
60058	Bassas de India
60059	Europa
60060	Gloriosos
60061	Juan de Nova
60062	Mayotte
60063	Tromelin
60064	Eastern Africa, nec/ns
60065	Eritrea
60066	South Sudan
60070	Central Africa
60071	Angola
60072	Cameroon
60073	Central African Republic
60074	Chad
60075	Congo
60076	Equatorial Guinea
60077	Gabon
60078	Sao Tome and Principe
60079	Zaire
60080	Central Africa, ns
60081	Equatorial Africa, ns
60082	French Equatorial Africa, ns
60090	Southern Africa
60091	Botswana
60092	Lesotho
60093	Namibia
60094	South Africa (Union of)
60095	Swaziland
60096	Southern Africa, ns
60099	Africa, ns/nec
70000	Australia and New Zealand
70010	Australia
70011	Ashmore and Cartier Islands
70012	Coral Sea Islands Territory
70013	Christmas Island
70014	Cocos Islands
70020	New Zealand
71000	Pacific Islands
71010	New Caledonia
71012	Papua New Guinea
71013	Solomon Islands
71014	Vanuatu (New Hebrides)
71015	Fiji
71016	Melanesia, ns
71017	Norfolk Islands
71018	Niue
71020	Cook Islands
71022	French Polynesia
71023	Tonga
71024	Wallis and Futuna Islands
71025	Western Samoa
71026	Pitcairn Island
71027	Tokelau
71028	Tuvalu
71029	Polynesia, ns
71032	Kiribati
71033	Canton and Enderbury
71034	Nauru
71039	Micronesia, ns
71040	US Pacific Trust Territories
71041	Marshall Islands
71042	Micronesia
71043	Kosrae
71044	Pohnpei
71045	Truk
71046	Yap
71047	Northern Mariana Islands
71048	Palau
71049	Pacific Trust Terr, ns
71050	Clipperton Island
71090	Oceania, ns/nec
80000	Antarctica, ns/nec
80010	Bouvet Islands
80020	British Antarctic Terr.
80030	Dronning Maud Land
80040	French Southern and Antarctic Lands
80050	Heard and McDonald Islands
90000	Abroad (unknown) or at sea
90010	Abroad, ns
90011	Abroad (US citizen)
90020	At sea
90021	At sea (US citizen)
90022	At sea or abroad (U.S. citizen)
95000	Other n.e.c.
99900	Missing/blank

Variable: "ANCESTR1"

Name:

ANCESTR1

Label:

Ancestry, first response [general version]

Variable Text:

ANCESTR1 provides the respondent's self-reported ancestry or ethnic origin. In all years except 1990 and 2000, respondents could give as many ancestries as they saw fit. ANCESTR1 records the first response, while ANCESTR2 records the second response, if one exists. Additional responses were ignored, with the exception of 17 "three-origin" combination codes retained in the 1980 samples; these are described in section A of the comparability discussion below. Some compound responses such as "Pennsylvania Dutch" or "French Canadian" were treated as a single response. Respondents could give virtually any response, though they were instructed not to give a religion (the census is not allowed to collect information on religion). A few responses were not categorized in the samples and were instead coded "Uncodable," "Deferred Cases," or "Other." These uncategorized responses were usually religions.

If a respondent listed both a broad category and a subset of that category, such as "German-Bavarian," the Census Bureau used only the subset and ignored the broad category.

The IPUMS generally follows the Census Bureau's practice of coding responses alphabetically within geographic regions. Note that some responses, especially within the NORTH AMERICAN (NON-HISPANIC) geographic region, denote people such as "African-American," "French-Canadian," or "American" whose responses indicate origins outside of the geographical region within which coding schemes have placed them. Some similar responses might therefore appear in separate places.

User Caution: The labels associated with each IPUMS ancestry value do not contain all of the possible responses included within each ancestry code. To ensure that they use all codes that are necessary to their research, users are advised to examine the codes and frequencies table and the detailed components of the ancestry values (see Supplemental Code Information below).

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

154

End Position:

156

Width:

3

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
001	Alsatian, Alsace-Lorraine
002	Andorran
003	Austrian
004	Tirolean
005	Basque
006	French Basque
008	Belgian
009	Flemish
010	Walloon
011	British
012	British Isles
013	Channel Islander
014	Gibraltan
015	Cornish
016	Corsican
017	Cypriot
018	Greek Cypriote
019	Turkish Cypriote
020	Danish
021	Dutch
022	English
023	Faeroe Islander
024	Finnish
025	Karelian
026	French
027	Lorrainian
028	Breton
029	Frisian
030	Friulian
032	German
033	Bavarian
034	Berliner
035	Hamburger
036	Hanoverian
037	Hessian
038	Lubecker
039	Pomeranian
040	Prussian
041	Saxon
042	Sudetenlander
043	Westphalian
046	Greek
047	Cretan
048	Cycladic Islander, Dodecanese Islander, Peloponnesian
049	Icelander
050	Irish, various subheads,
051	Italian
053	Abruzzi
054	Apulian
055	Basilicata
056	Calabrian
057	Amalfin
058	Emilia Romagna
059	Rome
060	Ligurian
061	Lombardian
062	Marches
063	Molise
064	Neapolitan
065	Piedmontese
066	Puglia
067	Sardinian
068	Sicilian
069	Tuscan
070	Trentino
071	Umbrian
072	Valle dAosta
073	Venetian
075	Lapp
076	Liechtensteiner
077	Luxemburger
078	Maltese
079	Manx
080	Monegasque
081	Northern Irelander
082	Norwegian
084	Portuguese
085	Azorean
086	Madeiran
087	Scotch Irish
088	Scottish
089	Swedish
090	Aland Islander
091	Swiss
092	Suisse
095	Romansch
096	Suisse Romane
097	Welsh
098	Scandinavian, Nordic
100	Albanian
101	Azerbaijani
102	Belorussian
103	Bulgarian
105	Carpathian
108	Cossack
109	Croatian
111	Czechoslovakian
112	Bohemian
115	Estonian
116	Livonian
117	Finno Ugrian
118	Mordovian
119	Voytak
120	Georgian
122	Germans from Russia
123	Gruziia
124	Rom
125	Hungarian
126	Magyar
128	Latvian
129	Lithuanian
130	Macedonian
132	North Caucasian
133	North Caucasian Turkic
140	Ossetian
142	Polish
143	Kashubian
144	Romanian
145	Bessarabian
146	Moldavian
147	Wallachian
148	Russian
150	Muscovite
152	Serbian
153	Slovak
154	Slovene
155	Sorb/Wend
156	Soviet Turkic
157	Bashkir
158	Chevash
159	Gagauz
160	Mesknetian
163	Yakut
164	Soviet Union, nec
165	Tatar
169	Uzbek
171	Ukrainian
176	Yugoslavian
178	Slav
179	Slavonian
181	Central European, nec
183	Northern European, nec
185	Southern European, nec
187	Western European, nec
190	Eastern European, nec
195	European, nec
200	Spaniard
201	Andalusian
202	Astorian
204	Catalonian
205	Balearic Islander
206	Galician
210	Mexican
211	Mexican American
213	Chicano/Chicana
218	Nuevo Mexicano
219	Californio
221	Costa Rican
222	Guatemalan
223	Honduran
224	Nicaraguan
225	Panamanian
226	Salvadoran
227	Latin American
231	Argentinean
232	Bolivian
233	Chilean
234	Colombian
235	Ecuadorian
236	Paraguayan
237	Peruvian
238	Uruguayan
239	Venezuelan
248	South American
261	Puerto Rican
271	Cuban
275	Dominican
290	Hispanic
291	Spanish
295	Spanish American
296	Other Spanish/Hispanic
300	Bahamian
301	Barbadian
302	Belizean
303	Bermudan
304	Cayman Islander
308	Jamaican
310	Dutch West Indies
311	Aruba Islander
312	St Maarten Islander
314	Trinidadian/Tobagonian
315	Trinidadian
316	Tobagonian
317	U.S. Virgin Islander
321	British Virgin Islander
322	British West Indian
323	Turks and Caicos Islander
324	Anguilla Islander
328	Dominica Islander
329	Grenadian
331	St Lucia Islander
332	French West Indies
333	Guadeloupe Islander
334	Cayenne
335	West Indian
336	Haitian
337	Other West Indian
360	Brazilian
365	San Andres
370	Guyanese/British Guiana
375	Providencia
380	Surinam/Dutch Guiana
400	Algerian
402	Egyptian
404	Libyan
406	Moroccan
407	Ifni
408	Tunisian
411	North African
412	Alhucemas
413	Berber
414	Rio de Oro
415	Bahraini
416	Iranian
417	Iraqi
419	Israeli
421	Jordanian
423	Kuwaiti
425	Lebanese
427	Saudi Arabian
429	Syrian
431	Armenian
434	Turkish
435	Yemeni
436	Omani
437	Muscat
438	Trucial Oman
439	Qatar
442	Kurdish
444	Kuria Muria Islander
465	Palestinian
466	Gazan
467	West Bank
470	South Yemeni
471	Aden
480	United Arab Emirates
482	Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac
490	Middle Eastern
495	Arab
496	Other Arab
500	Angolan
502	Benin
504	Botswana
506	Burundian
508	Cameroonian
510	Cape Verdean
513	Chadian
515	Congolese
516	Congo-Brazzaville
519	Djibouti
520	Equatorial Guinea
522	Ethiopian
523	Eritrean
525	Gabonese
527	Gambian
529	Ghanian
530	Guinean
531	Guinea Bissau
532	Ivory Coast
534	Kenyan
538	Lesotho
541	Liberian
543	Madagascan
545	Malawian
546	Malian
549	Mozambican
550	Namibian
551	Niger
553	Nigerian
554	Fulani
555	Hausa
556	Ibo
557	Tiv
561	Rwandan
564	Senegalese
566	Sierra Leonean
568	Somalian
569	Swaziland
570	South African
571	Union of South Africa
572	Afrikaner
573	Natalian
574	Zulu
576	Sudanese
577	Dinka
578	Nuer
579	Fur
582	Tanzanian
583	Tanganyikan
584	Zanzibar Islander
586	Togo
588	Ugandan
589	Upper Voltan
591	Zairian
592	Zambian
593	Zimbabwean
594	African Islands
595	Other Subsaharan Africa
596	Central African
597	East African
598	West African
599	African
600	Afghan
601	Baluchi
602	Pathan
603	Bengali
607	Bhutanese
609	Nepali
615	Asian Indian
622	Andaman Islander
624	Andhra Pradesh
626	Assamese
628	Goanese
630	Gujarati
632	Karnatakan
634	Keralan
638	Maharashtran
640	Madrasi
642	Mysore
644	Naga
648	Pondicherry
650	Punjabi
656	Tamil
675	East Indies
680	Pakistani
690	Sri Lankan
691	Singhalese
692	Veddah
695	Maldivian
700	Burmese
702	Shan
703	Cambodian
704	Khmer
706	Chinese
707	Cantonese
708	Manchurian
709	Mandarin
712	Mongolian
714	Tibetan
716	Hong Kong
718	Macao
720	Filipino
730	Indonesian
740	Japanese
746	Ryukyu Islander
748	Okinawan
750	Korean
765	Laotian
766	Meo
768	Hmong
770	Malaysian
774	Singaporean
776	Thai
777	Black Thai
778	Western Lao
782	Taiwanese
785	Vietnamese
786	Katu
787	Ma
788	Mnong
790	Montagnard
792	Indochinese
793	Eurasian
795	Asian
796	Other Asian
800	Australian
801	Tasmanian
802	Australian Aborigine
803	New Zealander
808	Polynesian
810	Maori
811	Hawaiian
813	Part Hawaiian
814	Samoan
815	Tongan
816	Tokelauan
817	Cook Islander
818	Tahitian
819	Niuean
820	Micronesian
821	Guamanian
822	Chamorro Islander
823	Saipanese
824	Palauan
825	Marshall Islander
826	Kosraean
827	Ponapean
828	Chuukese
829	Yap Islander
830	Caroline Islander
831	Kiribatese
832	Nauruan
833	Tarawa Islander
834	Tinian Islander
840	Melanesian Islander
841	Fijian
843	New Guinean
844	Papuan
845	Solomon Islander
846	New Caledonian Islander
847	Vanuatuan
850	Pacific Islander
860	Oceania
862	Chamolinian
863	Reserved Codes
870	Other Pacific
900	Afro-American
902	African-American
913	Central American Indian
914	South American Indian
920	American Indian (all tribes)
921	Aleut
922	Eskimo
923	Inuit
924	White/Caucasian
930	Greenlander
931	Canadian
933	Newfoundland
934	Nova Scotian
935	French Canadian
936	Acadian
939	American
940	United States
941	Alabama
942	Alaska
943	Arizona
944	Arkansas
945	California
946	Colorado
947	Connecticut
948	District of Columbia
949	Delaware
950	Florida
951	Georgia
952	Idaho
953	Illinois
954	Indiana
955	Iowa
956	Kansas
957	Kentucky
958	Louisiana
959	Maine
960	Maryland
961	Massachusetts
962	Michigan
963	Minnesota
964	Mississippi
965	Missouri
966	Montana
967	Nebraska
968	Nevada
969	New Hampshire
970	New Jersey
971	New Mexico
972	New York
973	North Carolina
974	North Dakota
975	Ohio
976	Oklahoma
977	Oregon
978	Pennsylvania
979	Rhode Island
980	South Carolina
981	South Dakota
982	Tennessee
983	Texas
984	Utah
985	Vermont
986	Virginia
987	Washington
988	West Virginia
989	Wisconsin
990	Wyoming
993	Southerner
994	North American
995	Mixture
996	Uncodable
998	Other
999	Not Reported

Variable: "ANCESTR1D"

Name:

ANCESTR1D

Label:

Ancestry, first response [detailed version]

Variable Text:

ANCESTR1 provides the respondent's self-reported ancestry or ethnic origin. In all years except 1990 and 2000, respondents could give as many ancestries as they saw fit. ANCESTR1 records the first response, while ANCESTR2 records the second response, if one exists. Additional responses were ignored, with the exception of 17 "three-origin" combination codes retained in the 1980 samples; these are described in section A of the comparability discussion below. Some compound responses such as "Pennsylvania Dutch" or "French Canadian" were treated as a single response. Respondents could give virtually any response, though they were instructed not to give a religion (the census is not allowed to collect information on religion). A few responses were not categorized in the samples and were instead coded "Uncodable," "Deferred Cases," or "Other." These uncategorized responses were usually religions.

If a respondent listed both a broad category and a subset of that category, such as "German-Bavarian," the Census Bureau used only the subset and ignored the broad category.

The IPUMS generally follows the Census Bureau's practice of coding responses alphabetically within geographic regions. Note that some responses, especially within the NORTH AMERICAN (NON-HISPANIC) geographic region, denote people such as "African-American," "French-Canadian," or "American" whose responses indicate origins outside of the geographical region within which coding schemes have placed them. Some similar responses might therefore appear in separate places.

User Caution: The labels associated with each IPUMS ancestry value do not contain all of the possible responses included within each ancestry code. To ensure that they use all codes that are necessary to their research, users are advised to examine the codes and frequencies table and the detailed components of the ancestry values (see Supplemental Code Information below).

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

157

End Position:

160

Width:

4

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0010	Alsatian
0020	Andorran
0030	Austrian
0040	Tirolean
0051	Basque (1980)
0052	Spanish Basque (1980)
0053	Basque (1990-2000)
0054	Spanish Basque (1990-2000, 2001-2004 ACS)
0060	French Basque
0080	Belgian
0090	Flemish
0100	Walloon
0110	British
0120	British Isles
0130	Channel Islander
0140	Gibraltan
0150	Cornish
0160	Corsican
0170	Cypriot
0180	Greek Cypriote
0190	Turkish Cypriote
0200	Danish
0210	Dutch
0211	Dutch-French-Irish
0212	Dutch-German-Irish
0213	Dutch-Irish-Scotch
0220	English
0221	English-French-German
0222	English-French-Irish
0223	English-German-Irish
0224	English-German-Swedish
0225	English-Irish-Scotch
0226	English-Scotch-Welsh
0230	Faeroe Islander
0240	Finnish
0250	Karelian
0260	French (1980)
0261	French (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
0262	Occitan (1990-2000)
0270	Lorrainian
0280	Breton
0290	Frisian
0300	Friulian
0320	German (1980)
0321	German (1990-2000, ACS/PRCS)
0322	Pennsylvania German (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
0323	East German (1990-2000)
0324	West German (2000)
0325	German-French-Irish
0326	German-Irish-Italian
0327	German-Irish-Scotch
0328	German-Irish-Swedish
0329	Germanic
0330	Bavarian
0340	Berliner
0350	Hamburger
0360	Hanoverian
0370	Hessian
0380	Lubecker
0390	Pomeranian (1980)
0391	Pomeranian (1990-2000)
0392	Silesian (1990-2000)
0400	Prussian
0410	Saxon
0420	Sudetenlander
0430	Westphalian
0460	Greek
0470	Cretan
0480	Cycladic Islander
0490	Icelander
0500	Irish
0501	Celtic
0502	Irish Scotch
0510	Italian (1980)
0511	Italian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
0512	Trieste (1990-2000)
0513	San Marino (1990-2000)
0530	Abruzzi
0540	Apulian
0550	Basilicata
0560	Calabrian
0570	Amalfi
0580	Emilia Romagna
0590	Rome
0600	Ligurian
0610	Lombardian
0620	Marches
0630	Molise
0640	Neapolitan
0650	Piedmontese
0660	Puglia
0670	Sardinian
0680	Sicilian
0690	Tuscan
0700	Trentino
0710	Umbrian
0720	Valle dAosta
0730	Venetian
0750	Lapp
0760	Liechtensteiner
0770	Luxemburger
0780	Maltese
0790	Manx
0800	Monegasque
0810	Northern Irelander
0820	Norwegian
0840	Portuguese
0850	Azorean
0860	Madeiran
0870	Scotch Irish
0880	Scottish
0890	Swedish
0900	Aland Islander
0910	Swiss
0920	Suisse (1980)
0921	Suisse (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
0922	Switzer (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
0950	Romansch (1980, ACS)
0951	Romanscho (1990-2000)
0952	Ladin (1990-2000)
0960	Suisse Romane (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
0961	Suisse Romane (1980)
0962	Ticino
0970	Welsh
0980	Scandinavian, Nordic
1000	Albanian
1010	Azerbaijani
1020	Belorussian
1030	Bulgarian
1050	Carpathian
1051	Carpatho Rusyn
1052	Rusyn
1080	Cossack (1990-2000)
1081	Cossack (1980)
1082	Turkestani (1990-2000, 2012 ACS)
1083	Kirghiz (1980)
1084	Turcoman (1980)
1090	Croatian
1110	Czechoslovakian
1111	Czech
1120	Bohemian
1121	Bohemian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
1122	Moravian (1990-2000)
1150	Estonian
1160	Livonian
1170	Finno Ugrian (1990-2000)
1171	Udmert
1180	Mordovian
1190	Voytak
1200	Georgian
1220	Germans from Russia
1221	Volga
1222	German from Russia (1990-2000); German Russian (ACS, PRCS)
1230	Gruziia (1990-2000)
1240	Rom
1250	Hungarian
1260	Magyar
1280	Latvian
1290	Lithuanian
1300	Macedonian
1320	North Caucasian
1330	North Caucasian Turkic (1990-2000)
1400	Ossetian
1420	Polish
1430	Kashubian
1440	Romanian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
1441	Rumanian (1980)
1442	Transylvanian
1450	Bessarabian (1980)
1451	Bessarabian (1990-2000)
1452	Bucovina
1460	Moldavian
1470	Wallachian
1480	Russian
1500	Muscovite
1520	Serbian (1980)
1521	Serbian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
1522	Bosnian (1990) Herzegovinian (2000, ACS, PRCS)
1523	Montenegrin (1990-2000, 2012 ACS)
1530	Slovak
1540	Slovene
1550	Sorb/Wend
1560	Soviet Turkic (1990-2000)
1570	Bashkir
1580	Chevash
1590	Gagauz (1990-2000)
1600	Mesknetian (1990-2000)
1630	Yakut
1640	Soviet Union, nec
1650	Tatar (1990-2000)
1651	Tartar (1980)
1652	Crimean (1980)
1653	Tuvinian (1990-2000)
1654	Soviet Central Asia (1990-2000)
1655	Tadzhik (1980, 2000)
1690	Uzbek
1710	Ukrainian (1980)
1711	Ukrainian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
1712	Ruthenian (1980)
1713	Ruthenian (1990-2000)
1714	Lemko
1715	Bioko
1716	Husel
1717	Windish
1760	Yugoslavian
1780	Slav
1790	Slavonian
1810	Central European, nec
1830	Northern European, nec
1850	Southern European, nec
1870	Western European, nec
1900	Eastern European, nec
1950	European, nec
2000	Spaniard (1980)
2001	Spaniard (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2002	Castillian (1990-2000)
2003	Valencian (1990-2000)
2010	Andalusian (1990-2000)
2020	Asturian (1990-2000)
2040	Catalonian
2050	Balearic Islander (1980)
2051	Balearic Islander (1990-2000)
2052	Canary Islander (1990-2000)
2060	Galician (1980)
2061	Gallego (1990-2000)
2062	Galician (1990-2000)
2100	Mexican
2101	Mexican (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2102	Mexicano/Mexicana (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2103	Mexican Indian
2110	Mexican American
2111	Mexican American Indian
2130	Chicano/Chicana
2180	Nuevo Mexicano
2181	Nuevo Mexicano (1990-2000)
2182	La Raza (1990-2000)
2183	Mexican state (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2184	Tejano/Tejana (1990-2000)
2190	Californio
2210	Costa Rican
2220	Guatemalan
2230	Honduran
2240	Nicaraguan
2250	Panamanian (1980)
2251	Panamanian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2252	Canal Zone (1990-2000)
2260	Salvadoran
2270	Latin American (1980)
2271	Central American (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2272	Latin American (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2273	Latino/Latina (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2274	Latin (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2310	Argentinean
2320	Bolivian
2330	Chilean
2340	Colombian
2350	Ecuadorian
2360	Paraguayan
2370	Peruvian
2380	Uruguayan
2390	Venezuelan
2480	South American (1980)
2481	South American (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2482	Criollo/Criolla (1990-2000)
2610	Puerto Rican
2710	Cuban
2750	Dominican
2900	Hispanic
2910	Spanish
2950	Spanish American
2960	Other Spanish/Hispanic
3000	Bahamian
3010	Barbadian
3020	Belizean
3030	Bermudan
3040	Cayman Islander
3080	Jamaican
3100	Dutch West Indies
3110	Aruba Islander
3120	St Maarten Islander
3140	Trinidadian/Tobagonian
3150	Trinidadian
3160	Tobagonian
3170	U.S. Virgin Islander (1980)
3171	U.S. Virgin Islander (1990-2000)
3172	St. Croix Islander (1990-2000)
3173	St. John Islander (1990-2000)
3174	St. Thomas Islander (1990-2000)
3210	British Virgin Islander (1980)
3211	British Virgin Islander (1990-2000)
3212	Antigua (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
3220	British West Indian
3230	Turks and Caicos Islander
3240	Anguilla Islander (1980)
3241	Anguilla Islander (1990-2000)
3242	Montserrat Islander (1990-2000)
3243	Kitts/Nevis Islander (1990-2000)
3244	St. Christopher (1980)
3245	St Vincent Islander (1990); Vincent-Grenadine Islander (2000 Census, 2005 ACS, 2005 PRCS)
3280	Dominica Islander
3290	Grenadian
3310	St Lucia Islander
3320	French West Indies
3330	Guadeloupe Islander
3340	Cayenne
3350	West Indian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
3351	West Indian (1980)
3352	Caribbean (1980)
3353	Arawak (1980)
3360	Haitian
3370	Other West Indian
3600	Brazilian
3650	San Andres
3700	Guyanese/British Guiana
3750	Providencia
3800	Surinam/Dutch Guiana
4000	Algerian
4020	Egyptian
4040	Libyan
4060	Moroccan (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
4061	Moroccan (1980)
4062	Moor (1980)
4070	Ifni
4080	Tunisian
4110	North African
4120	Alhucemas
4130	Berber
4140	Rio de Oro
4150	Bahraini
4160	Iranian
4170	Iraqi
4190	Israeli
4210	Jordanian
4220	Transjordan
4230	Kuwaiti
4250	Lebanese
4270	Saudi Arabian
4290	Syrian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
4291	Syrian (1980)
4292	Latakian (1980)
4293	Jebel Druse (1980)
4310	Armenian
4340	Turkish
4350	Yemeni
4360	Omani
4370	Muscat
4380	Trucial Oman
4390	Qatar
4410	Bedouin
4420	Kurdish
4440	Kuria Muria Islander
4650	Palestinian
4660	Gazan
4670	West Bank
4700	South Yemeni
4710	Aden
4800	United Arab Emirates
4820	Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac (1990-2000)
4821	Assyrian
4822	Syriac (1980, 2000)
4823	Chaldean (2000, ACS, PRCS)
4900	Middle Eastern
4950	Arab
4951	Arabic (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
4960	Other Arab
5000	Angolan
5020	Benin
5040	Botswana
5060	Burundian
5080	Cameroonian
5100	Cape Verdean
5120	Central African Republic
5130	Chadian
5150	Congolese
5160	Congo-Brazzaville
5190	Djibouti
5200	Equatorial Guinea
5210	Corsico Islander
5220	Ethiopian
5230	Eritrean
5250	Gabonese
5270	Gambian
5290	Ghanian
5300	Guinean
5310	Guinea Bissau
5320	Ivory Coast
5340	Kenyan
5380	Lesotho
5410	Liberian
5430	Madagascan
5450	Malawian
5460	Malian
5470	Mauritanian
5490	Mozambican
5500	Namibian
5510	Niger
5530	Nigerian
5540	Fulani
5550	Hausa
5560	Ibo
5570	Tiv (1980)
5571	Tiv (1990-2000)
5572	Yoruba (1990-2000)
5610	Rwandan
5640	Senegalese
5660	Sierra Leonean
5680	Somalian
5690	Swaziland
5700	South African
5710	Union of South Africa
5720	Afrikaner
5730	Natalian
5740	Zulu
5760	Sudanese
5770	Dinka
5780	Nuer
5790	Fur
5800	Baggara
5820	Tanzanian
5830	Tanganyikan
5840	Zanzibar
5860	Togo
5880	Ugandan
5890	Upper Voltan
5900	Volta
5910	Zairian
5920	Zambian
5930	Zimbabwean
5940	African Islands (1980)
5941	African Islands (1990-2000)
5942	Mauritius (1990-2000)
5950	Other Subsaharan Africa
5960	Central African
5970	East African
5980	West African
5990	African
6000	Afghan
6010	Baluchi
6020	Pathan
6030	Bengali (1980)
6031	Bangladeshi (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
6032	Bengali (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
6070	Bhutanese
6090	Nepali
6150	Asian Indian (1980)
6151	India (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
6152	East Indian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
6153	Madhya Pradesh (1990-2000)
6154	Orissa (1990-2000)
6155	Rajasthani (1990-2000)
6156	Sikkim (1990-2000)
6157	Uttar Pradesh (1990-2000)
6220	Andaman Islander
6240	Andhra Pradesh
6260	Assamese
6280	Goanese
6300	Gujarati
6320	Karnatakan
6340	Keralan
6380	Maharashtran
6400	Madrasi
6420	Mysore
6440	Naga
6480	Pondicherry
6500	Punjabi
6560	Tamil
6750	East Indies (1990-2000)
6800	Pakistani (1980)
6801	Pakistani (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
6802	Kashmiri (1990-2000)
6900	Sri Lankan
6910	Singhalese
6920	Veddah
6950	Maldivian
7000	Burmese (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
7001	Burmese (1980)
7002	Burman (1980)
7020	Shan
7030	Cambodian
7040	Khmer
7060	Chinese
7070	Cantonese (1980)
7071	Cantonese (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
7072	Formosan (1990-2000)
7080	Manchurian
7090	Mandarin (1990-2000)
7120	Mongolian (1980)
7121	Mongolian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
7122	Kalmyk (1990-2000)
7140	Tibetan
7160	Hong Kong (1990-2000)
7161	Hong Kong (1980)
7162	Eastern Archipelago (1980)
7180	Macao
7200	Filipino
7300	Indonesian (1980)
7301	Indonesian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
7302	Borneo (1990-2000)
7303	Java (1990-2000)
7304	Sumatran (1990-2000)
7400	Japanese (1980)
7401	Japanese (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
7402	Issei (1990-2000)
7403	Nisei (1990-2000)
7404	Sansei (1990-2000)
7405	Yonsei (1990-2000)
7406	Gosei (1990-2000)
7460	Ryukyu Islander
7480	Okinawan
7500	Korean
7650	Laotian
7660	Meo
7680	Hmong
7700	Malaysian (1980)
7701	Malaysian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
7702	North Borneo (1990-2000)
7740	Singaporean
7760	Thai
7770	Black Thai
7780	Western Lao
7820	Taiwanese
7850	Vietnamese
7860	Katu
7870	Ma
7880	Mnong
7900	Montagnard
7920	Indochinese
7930	Eurasian
7931	Amerasian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
7950	Asian
7960	Other Asian
8000	Australian
8010	Tasmanian
8020	Australian Aborigine (1990-2000)
8030	New Zealander
8080	Polynesian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
8081	Polynesian (1980)
8082	Norfolk Islander (1980)
8090	Kapinagamarangan (1990-2000)
8091	Kapinagamarangan (1980)
8092	Nukuoroan (1980)
8100	Maori
8110	Hawaiian
8130	Part Hawaiian
8140	Samoan (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
8141	Samoan (1980)
8142	American Samoan (1980)
8143	French Samoan
8144	Part Samoan (1990-2000)
8150	Tongan
8160	Tokelauan
8170	Cook Islander
8180	Tahitian
8190	Niuean
8200	Micronesian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
8201	Micronesian (1980)
8202	U.S. Trust Terr of the Pacific (1980)
8210	Guamanian
8220	Chamorro Islander
8230	Saipanese (1990-2000)
8231	Saipanese (1980)
8232	Northern Marianas (1980)
8240	Palauan
8250	Marshall Islander
8260	Kosraean
8270	Ponapean (1990-2000)
8271	Ponapean (1980)
8272	Mokilese (1980)
8273	Ngatikese (1980)
8274	Pingelapese (1980)
8280	Chuukese (1990-2000)
8281	Hall Islander (1980)
8282	Mortlockese (1980)
8283	Namanouito (1980)
8284	Pulawatese (1980)
8285	Truk Islander
8290	Yap Islander
8300	Caroline Islander (1990-2000)
8301	Caroline Islander (1980)
8302	Lamotrekese (1980)
8303	Ulithian (1980)
8304	Woleaian (1980)
8310	Kiribatese
8320	Nauruan
8330	Tarawa Islander (1990-2000)
8340	Tinian Islander (1990-2000)
8400	Melanesian Islander
8410	Fijian
8430	New Guinean
8440	Papuan
8450	Solomon Islander
8460	New Caledonian Islander
8470	Vanuatuan
8500	Pacific Islander (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
8501	Campbell Islander (1980)
8502	Christmas Islander (1980)
8503	Kermadec Islander (1980)
8504	Midway Islander (1980)
8505	Phoenix Islander (1980)
8506	Wake Islander (1980)
8600	Oceania
8620	Chamolinian (1990-2000)
8630	Reserved Codes
8700	Other Pacific
9000	Afro-American
9001	Afro-American (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9002	Black (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9003	Negro (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9004	Nonwhite (1990-2000)
9005	Colored (1990-2000)
9006	Creole (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9007	Mulatto (1990-2000)
9008	Afro
9020	African-American (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9130	Central American Indian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9140	South American Indian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9200	American Indian (all tribes)
9201	American Indian-English-French
9202	American Indian-English-German
9203	American Indian-English-Irish
9204	American Indian-German-Irish
9205	Cherokee
9206	Native American
9207	Indian
9210	Aleut
9220	Eskimo
9230	Inuit
9240	White/Caucasian
9241	White/Caucasian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9242	Anglo (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9243	Appalachian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9244	Aryan (1990-2000)
9300	Greenlander
9310	Canadian
9330	Newfoundland
9340	Nova Scotian
9350	French Canadian
9360	Acadian
9361	Acadian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9362	Cajun (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9390	American
9391	American/United States
9400	United States
9410	Alabama
9420	Alaska
9430	Arizona
9440	Arkansas
9450	California
9460	Colorado
9470	Connecticut
9480	District of Columbia
9490	Delaware
9500	Florida
9510	Georgia
9520	Idaho
9530	Illinois
9540	Indiana
9550	Iowa
9560	Kansas
9570	Kentucky
9580	Louisiana
9590	Maine
9600	Maryland
9610	Massachusetts
9620	Michigan
9630	Minnesota
9640	Mississippi
9650	Missouri
9660	Montana
9670	Nebraska
9680	Nevada
9690	New Hampshire
9700	New Jersey
9710	New Mexico
9720	New York
9730	North Carolina
9740	North Dakota
9750	Ohio
9760	Oklahoma
9770	Oregon
9780	Pennsylvania
9790	Rhode Island
9800	South Carolina
9810	South Dakota
9820	Tennessee
9830	Texas
9840	Utah
9850	Vermont
9860	Virginia
9870	Washington
9880	West Virginia
9890	Wisconsin
9900	Wyoming
9930	Southerner
9940	North American
9950	Mixture
9960	Uncodable
9961	Not Classified
9962	Suppressed
9980	Other
9990	Not Reported

Variable: "ANCESTR2"

Name:

ANCESTR2

Label:

Ancestry, second response [general version]

Variable Text:

ANCESTR2, like ANCESTR1, records the respondent's self-reported ancestry or ethnic origin. ANCESTR1 contains the respondent's first reported ancestry, while ANCESTR2 contains the respondent's second response; additional responses were ignored. Those who gave only one response are coded 9990 (N/A) for ANCESTR2. In 1980, people who reported one of 17 common triple ancestries were coded 9990 for ANCESTR2 (see the variable description for ANCESTR1 for a full discussion of the triple ancestries codes in 1980).

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

161

End Position:

163

Width:

3

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
001	Alsatian, Alsace-Lorraine
002	Andorran
003	Austrian
004	Tirolean
005	Basque
006	French Basque
008	Belgian
009	Flemish
010	Walloon
011	British
012	British Isles
013	Channel Islander
014	Gibraltan
015	Cornish
016	Corsican
017	Cypriot
018	Greek Cypriote
019	Turkish Cypriote
020	Danish
021	Dutch
022	English
023	Faeroe Islander
024	Finnish
025	Karelian
026	French
027	Lorrainian
028	Breton
029	Frisian
030	Friulian
032	German
033	Bavarian
034	Berliner
035	Hamburger
036	Hanoverian
037	Hessian
038	Lubecker
039	Pomeranian
040	Prussian
041	Saxon
042	Sudetenlander
043	Westphalian
046	Greek
047	Cretan
048	Cycladic Islander
049	Icelander
050	Irish
051	Italian
053	Abruzzi
054	Apulian
055	Basilicata
056	Calabrian
057	Amalfin
058	Emilia Romagna
059	Rome
060	Ligurian
061	Lombardian
062	Marches
063	Molise
064	Neapolitan
065	Piedmontese
066	Puglia
067	Sardinian
068	Sicilian
069	Toscana
070	Trentino
071	Umbrian
072	Valle dAosta
073	Venetian
075	Lapp
076	Liechtensteiner
077	Luxemburger
078	Maltese
079	Manx
080	Monegasque
081	Northern Irelander
082	Norwegian
084	Portuguese
085	Azorean
086	Madeiran
087	Scotch Irish
088	Scottish
089	Swedish
090	Aland Islander
091	Swiss
092	Suisse
095	Romansch
096	Suisse Romane
097	Welsh
098	Scandinavian, Nordic
100	Albanian
101	Azerbaijani
102	Belourussian
103	Bulgarian
105	Carpathian
108	Cossack
109	Croatian
111	Czechoslovakian
112	Bohemian
115	Estonian
116	Livonian
117	Finno Ugrian
118	Mordovian
119	Voytak
120	Georgian
122	Germans from Russia
123	Gruziia
124	Rom
125	Hungarian
126	Magyar
128	Latvian
129	Lithuanian
130	Macedonian
132	North Caucasian
133	North Caucasian Turkic
140	Ossetian
142	Polish
143	Kashubian
144	Romanian
145	Bessarabian
146	Moldavian
147	Wallachian
148	Russian
150	Muscovite
152	Serbian
153	Slovak
154	Slovene
155	Sorb/Wend
156	Soviet Turkic
157	Bashkir
158	Chevash
159	Gagauz
160	Mesknetian
163	Yakut
164	Soviet Union, nec
165	Tatar
169	Uzbek
171	Ukrainian
176	Yugoslavian
178	Slav
179	Slavonian
181	Central European, nec
183	Northern European, nec
185	Southern European, nec
187	Western European, nec
190	Eastern European, nec
195	European, nec
200	Spaniard
201	Andalusian
202	Astorian
204	Catalonian
205	Balearic Islander
206	Galician
210	Mexican
211	Mexican American
213	Chicano/Chicana
218	Nuevo Mexicano
219	Californio
221	Costa Rican
222	Guatemalan
223	Honduran
224	Nicaraguan
225	Panamanian
226	Salvadoran
227	Latin American
231	Argentinean
232	Bolivian
233	Chilean
234	Colombian
235	Ecuadorian
236	Paraguayan
237	Peruvian
238	Uruguayan
239	Venezuelan
248	South American
261	Puerto Rican
271	Cuban
275	Dominican
290	Hispanic
291	Spanish
295	Spanish American
296	Other Spanish/Hispanic
300	Bahamian
301	Barbadian
302	Belizean
303	Bermudan
304	Cayman Islander
308	Jamaican
310	Dutch West Indies
311	Aruba Islander
312	St Maarten Islander
314	Trinidadian/Tobagonian
315	Trinidadian
316	Tobagonian
317	U.S. Virgin Islander
321	British Virgin Islander
322	British West Indian
323	Turks and Caicos Islander
324	Anguilla Islander
328	Dominica Islander
329	Grenadian
331	St Lucia Islander
332	French West Indies
333	Guadeloupe Islander
334	Cayenne
335	West Indian
336	Haitian
337	Other West Indian
360	Brazilian
365	San Andres
370	Guyanese/British Guiana
375	Providencia
380	Surinam/Dutch Guiana
400	Algerian
402	Egyptian
404	Libyan
406	Moroccan
407	Ifni
408	Tunisian
411	North African
412	Alhucemas
413	Berber
414	Rio de Oro
415	Bahraini
416	Iranian
417	Iraqi
419	Israeli
421	Jordanian
422	Transjordan
423	Kuwaiti
425	Lebanese
427	Saudi Arabian
429	Syrian
431	Armenian
434	Turkish
435	Yemeni
436	Omani
437	Muscat
438	Trucial Oman
439	Qatar
441	Bedouin
442	Kurdish
444	Kuria Muria Islander
465	Palestinian
466	Gazan
467	West Bank
470	South Yemeni
471	Aden
480	United Arab Emirates
482	Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac
490	Middle Eastern
495	Arab
496	Other Arab
500	Angolan
502	Benin
504	Botswana
506	Burundian
508	Cameroonian
510	Cape Verdean
513	Chadian
515	Congolese
516	Congo-Brazzaville
519	Djibouti
520	Equatorial Guinea
521	Corsico Islander
522	Ethiopian
523	Eritrean
525	Gabonese
527	Gambian
529	Ghanian
530	Guinean
531	Guinea Bissau
532	Ivory Coast
534	Kenyan
538	Lesotho
541	Liberian
543	Madagascan
545	Malawian
546	Malian
547	Mauritanian
549	Mozambican
550	Namibian
551	Niger
553	Nigerian
554	Fulani
555	Hausa
556	Ibo
557	Tiv
561	Rwandan
564	Senegalese
566	Sierra Leonean
568	Somalian
569	Swaziland
570	South African
571	Union of South Africa
572	Afrikaner
573	Natalian
574	Zulu
576	Sudanese
577	Dinka
578	Nuer
579	Fur
580	Baggara
582	Tanzanian
583	Tanganyikan
584	Zanzibar Islande
586	Togo
588	Ugandan
589	Upper Voltan
590	Voltan
591	Zairian
592	Zambian
593	Zimbabwean
594	African Islands
595	Other Subsaharan Africa
596	Central African
597	East African
598	West African
599	African
600	Afghan
601	Baluchi
602	Pathan
603	Bengali
607	Bhutanese
609	Nepali
615	Asian Indian
622	Andaman Islander
624	Andhra Pradesh
626	Assamese
628	Goanese
630	Gujarati
632	Karnatakan
634	Keralan
638	Maharashtran
640	Madrasi
642	Mysore
644	Naga
648	Pondicherry
650	Punjabi
656	Tamil
675	East Indies
680	Pakistani
690	Sri Lankan
691	Singhalese
692	Veddah
695	Maldivian
700	Burmese
702	Shan
703	Cambodian
704	Khmer
706	Chinese
707	Cantonese
708	Manchurian
709	Mandarin
712	Mongolian
714	Tibetan
716	Hong Kong
718	Macao
720	Filipino
730	Indonesian
740	Japanese
746	Ryukyu Islander
748	Okinawan
750	Korean
765	Laotian
766	Meo
768	Hmong
770	Malaysian
774	Singaporean
776	Thai
777	Black Thai
778	Western Lao
782	Taiwanese
785	Vietnamese
786	Katu
787	Ma
788	Mnong
790	Montagnard
792	Indochinese
793	Eurasian
795	Asian
796	Other Asian
800	Australian
801	Tasmanian
802	Australian Aborigine
803	New Zealander
808	Polynesian
809	Kapinagamarangan
810	Maori
811	Hawaiian
813	Part Hawaiian
814	Samoan
815	Tongan
816	Tokelauan
817	Cook Islander
818	Tahitian
819	Niuean
820	Micronesian
821	Guamanian
822	Chamorro Islander
823	Saipanese
824	Palauan
825	Marshall Islander
826	Kosraean
827	Ponapean
828	Chuukese
829	Yap Islander
830	Caroline Islander
831	Kiribatese
832	Nauruan
833	Tarawa Islander
834	Tinian Islander
840	Melanesian Islander
841	Fijian
843	New Guinean
844	Papuan
845	Solomon Islander
846	New Caledonian Islander
847	Vanuatuan
850	Pacific Islander
860	Oceania
862	Chamolinian
863	Reserved Codes
870	Other Pacific
900	Afro-American
902	African-American
913	Central American Indian
914	South American Indian
920	American Indian (all tribes)
921	Aleut
922	Eskimo
923	Inuit
924	White/Caucasian
930	Greenlander
931	Canadian (most provinces)
933	Newfoundland
934	Nova Scotian
935	French Canadian
936	Acadian
939	American
940	United States
941	Alabama
942	Alaska
943	Arizona
944	Arkansas
945	California
946	Colorado
947	Connecticut
948	District of Columbia
949	Delaware
950	Florida
951	Georgia
952	Idaho
953	Illinois
954	Indiana
955	Iowa
956	Kansas
957	Kentucky
958	Louisiana
959	Maine
960	Maryland
961	Massachusetts
962	Michigan
963	Minnesota
964	Mississippi
965	Missouri
966	Montana
967	Nebraska
968	Nevada
969	New Hampshire
970	New Jersey
971	New Mexico
972	New York
973	North Carolina
974	North Dakota
975	Ohio
976	Oklahoma
977	Oregon
978	Pennsylvania
979	Rhode Island
980	South Carolina
981	South Dakota
982	Tennessee
983	Texas
984	Utah
985	Vermont
986	Virginia
987	Washington
988	West Virginia
989	Wisconsin
990	Wyoming
993	Southerner
994	North American
995	Mixture
996	Uncodable
997	Deferred Cases
998	Other (Usually a Religion)
999	Not Reported

Variable: "ANCESTR2D"

Name:

ANCESTR2D

Label:

Ancestry, second response [detailed version]

Variable Text:

ANCESTR2, like ANCESTR1, records the respondent's self-reported ancestry or ethnic origin. ANCESTR1 contains the respondent's first reported ancestry, while ANCESTR2 contains the respondent's second response; additional responses were ignored. Those who gave only one response are coded 9990 (N/A) for ANCESTR2. In 1980, people who reported one of 17 common triple ancestries were coded 9990 for ANCESTR2 (see the variable description for ANCESTR1 for a full discussion of the triple ancestries codes in 1980).

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

164

End Position:

167

Width:

4

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0010	Alsatian
0020	Andorran
0030	Austrian
0040	Tirolean
0051	Basque (1980)
0052	Spanish Basque (1980)
0053	Basque (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
0054	Spanish Basque (1990-2000, 2001-2004 ACS)
0060	French Basque
0080	Belgian
0090	Flemish
0100	Walloon
0110	British
0120	British Isles
0130	Channel Islander
0140	Gibraltan
0150	Cornish
0160	Corsican
0170	Cypriot
0180	Greek Cypriote
0190	Turkish Cypriote
0200	Danish
0210	Dutch
0211	Dutch-French-Irish
0212	Dutch-German-Irish
0213	Dutch-Irish-Scotch
0220	English
0221	English-French-German (1980)
0222	English-French-Irish (1980)
0223	English-German-Irish (1980)
0224	English-German-Swedish (1980)
0225	English-Irish-Scotch (1980)
0226	English-Scotch-Welsh (1980)
0230	Faeroe Islander
0240	Finnish
0250	Karelian
0260	French (1980)
0261	French (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
0262	Occitan (1990-2000)
0270	Lorrainian
0280	Breton
0290	Frisian
0300	Friulian
0320	German (1980)
0321	German (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
0322	Pennsylvania German (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
0323	East German (1990-2000)
0324	West German (2000)
0325	German-French-Irish (1980)
0326	German-Irish-Italian (1980)
0327	German-Irish-Scotch (1980)
0328	German-Irish-Swedish (1980)
0329	Germanic
0330	Bavarian
0340	Berliner
0350	Hamburger
0360	Hanoverian
0370	Hessian
0380	Lubecker
0390	Pomeranian (1980)
0391	Pomeranian (1990-2000)
0392	Silesian (1990-2000)
0400	Prussian
0410	Saxon
0420	Sudetenlander
0430	Westphalian
0460	Greek
0470	Cretan
0480	Cycladic Islander
0490	Icelander
0500	Irish
0501	Celtic
0502	Irish Scotch
0510	Italian (1980)
0511	Italian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
0512	Trieste (1990-2000)
0513	San Marino (1990-2000)
0530	Abruzzi
0540	Apulian
0550	Basilicata
0560	Calabrian
0570	Amalfi
0580	Emilia Romagna
0590	Rome
0600	Ligurian
0610	Lombardian
0620	Marches
0630	Molise
0640	Neapolitan
0650	Piedmontese
0660	Puglia
0670	Sardinian
0680	Sicilian
0690	Toscana
0700	Trentino
0710	Umbrian
0720	Valle dAosta
0730	Venetian
0750	Lapp
0760	Liechtensteiner
0770	Luxemburger
0780	Maltese
0790	Manx
0800	Monegasque
0810	Northern Irelander
0820	Norwegian
0840	Portuguese
0850	Azorean
0860	Madeiran
0870	Scotch Irish
0880	Scottish
0890	Swedish
0900	Aland Islander
0910	Swiss
0920	Suisse (1980)
0921	Suisse (1990-2000)
0922	Switzer (1990-2000)
0950	Romansch (1980)
0951	Romanscho (1990-2000)
0952	Ladin (1990-2000)
0960	Suisse Romane (1990-2000)
0961	Suisse Romane (1980)
0962	Ticino
0970	Welsh
0980	Scandinavian, Nordic
1000	Albanian
1010	Azerbaijani
1020	Belorussian
1030	Bulgarian
1050	Carpathian
1051	Carpatho Rusyn
1052	Rusyn
1080	Cossack (1990-2000)
1081	Cossack (1980)
1082	Turkestani (1990-2000, 2012 ACS)
1083	Kirghiz (1980)
1084	Turcoman (1980)
1090	Croatian
1110	Czechoslovakian
1111	Czech
1120	Bohemian (1980)
1121	Bohemian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
1122	Moravian (1990-2000)
1150	Estonian
1160	Livonian
1170	Finno Ugrian (1990-2000)
1171	Udmert
1180	Mordovian
1190	Voytak
1200	Georgian
1220	Germans from Russia
1221	Volga
1222	German from Russia (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
1230	Gruziia (1990-2000)
1240	Rom
1250	Hungarian
1260	Magyar
1280	Latvian
1290	Lithuanian
1300	Macedonian
1320	North Caucasian (1990-2000)
1330	North Caucasian Turkic (1990-2000)
1400	Ossetian
1420	Polish
1430	Kashubian
1440	Romanian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
1441	Romanian (1980)
1442	Transylvanian
1450	Bessarabian (1980)
1451	Bessarabian (1990-2000)
1452	Bucovina
1460	Moldavian
1470	Wallachian
1480	Russian
1500	Muscovite
1520	Serbian (1980)
1521	Serbian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
1522	Bosnian (1990) Herzegovinian (2000, ACS, PRCS)
1523	Montenegrin (1990-2000, 2012 ACS)
1530	Slovak
1540	Slovene
1550	Sorb/Wend
1560	Soviet Turkic (1990-2000)
1570	Bashkir
1580	Chevash
1590	Gagauz (1990-2000)
1600	Mesknetian (1990-2000)
1630	Yakut
1640	Soviet Union, nec
1650	Tatar (1990-2000)
1651	Tatar (1980)
1652	Crimean (1980)
1653	Tuvinian (1990-2000)
1654	Soviet Central Asian (1990-2000)
1655	Tadzhik (1980, 2000)
1690	Uzbek
1710	Ukrainian (1980)
1711	Ukrainian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
1712	Ruthenian (1980)
1713	Ruthenian (1990-2000)
1714	Lemko
1715	Bioko
1716	Hesel
1717	Windish
1760	Yugoslavian
1780	Slav
1790	Slavonian
1810	Central European, nec
1830	Northern European, nec
1850	Southern European, nec
1870	Western European, nec
1900	Eastern European, nec
1950	European, nec
2000	Spaniard (1980)
2001	Spaniard (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2002	Castillian (1990-2000)
2003	Valencian (1990-2000)
2010	Andalusian (1990-2000)
2020	Asturian (1990-2000)
2040	Catalonian
2050	Balearic Islander (1980)
2051	Balearic Islander (1990-2000)
2052	Canary Islander (1990-2000)
2060	Galician (1980)
2061	Gallego (1990-2000)
2062	Galician (1990-2000)
2100	Mexican
2101	Mexican (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2102	Mexicano/Mexicana (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2103	Mexican Indian
2110	Mexican American
2111	Mexican American Indian
2130	Chicano/Chicana
2180	Nuevo Mexicano
2181	Nuevo Mexicano (1990-2000)
2182	La Raza (1990-2000)
2183	Mexican state (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2184	Tejano/Tejana (1990-2000)
2190	Californio
2210	Costa Rican
2220	Guatemalan
2230	Honduran
2240	Nicaraguan
2250	Panamanian (1980)
2251	Panamanian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2252	Canal Zone (1990-2000)
2260	Salvadoran
2270	Latin American (1980)
2271	Central American (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2272	Latin American (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2273	Latino/Latina (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2274	Latin (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2310	Argentinean
2320	Bolivian
2330	Chilean
2340	Colombian
2350	Ecuadorian
2360	Paraguayan
2370	Peruvian
2380	Uruguayan
2390	Venezuelan
2480	South American (1980)
2481	South American (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
2482	Criollo/Criolla (1990-2000)
2610	Puerto Rican
2710	Cuban
2750	Dominican
2900	Hispanic
2910	Spanish
2950	Spanish American
2960	Other Spanish/Hispanic
3000	Bahamian
3010	Barbadian
3020	Belizean
3030	Bermudan
3040	Cayman Islander
3080	Jamaican
3100	Dutch West Indies
3110	Aruba Islander
3120	St Maarten Islander
3140	Trinidadian/Tobagonian
3150	Trinidadian
3160	Tobagonian
3170	U.S. Virgin Islander (1980)
3171	U.S. Virgin Islander (1990-2000)
3172	St. Croix Islander (1990-2000)
3173	St. John Islander (1990-2000)
3174	St. Thomas Islander (1990-2000)
3210	British Virgin Islander (1980)
3211	British Virgin Islander (1990-2000)
3212	Antigua (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
3220	British West Indian
3230	Turks and Caicos Islander
3240	Anguilla Islander (1980)
3241	Anguilla Islander (1990-2000)
3242	Montserrat Islander (1990-2000)
3243	Kitts/Nevis Islander (1990-2000)
3244	St. Christopher (1980)
3245	St Vincent Islander
3280	Dominica Islander
3290	Grenadian
3310	St Lucia Islander
3320	French West Indies
3330	Guadeloupe Islander
3340	Cayenne
3350	West Indian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
3351	West Indian (1980)
3352	Caribbean (1980)
3353	Arawak (1980)
3360	Haitian
3370	Other West Indian
3600	Brazilian
3650	San Andres
3700	Guyanese/British Guiana
3750	Providencia
3800	Surinam/Dutch Guiana
4000	Algerian
4020	Egyptian
4040	Libyan
4060	Moroccan (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
4061	Moroccan (1980)
4062	Moor (1980)
4070	Ifni
4080	Tunisian
4110	North African
4120	Alhucemas
4130	Berber
4140	Rio de Oro
4150	Bahraini
4160	Iranian
4170	Iraqi
4190	Israeli
4210	Jordanian
4220	Transjordan
4230	Kuwaiti
4250	Lebanese
4270	Saudi Arabian
4290	Syrian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
4291	Syrian (1980)
4292	Latakian (1980)
4293	Jebel Druse (1980)
4310	Armenian
4340	Turkish
4350	Yemeni
4360	Omani
4370	Muscat
4380	Trucial Oman
4390	Qatar
4410	Bedouin
4420	Kurdish
4440	Kuria Muria Islander
4650	Palestinian
4660	Gazan
4670	West Bank
4700	South Yemeni
4710	Aden
4800	United Arab Emirates
4820	Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac (1990-2000)
4821	Assyrian
4822	Syriac (1980, 2000)
4823	Chaldean (2000, ACS, PRCS)
4900	Middle Eastern
4950	Arab
4951	Arabic (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
4960	Other Arab
5000	Angolan
5020	Benin
5040	Botswana
5060	Burundian
5080	Cameroonian
5100	Cape Verdean
5120	Central African Republic
5130	Chadian
5150	Congolese
5160	Congo-Brazzaville
5190	Djibouti
5200	Equatorial Guinea
5210	Corsico Islander
5220	Ethiopian
5230	Eritrean
5250	Gabonese
5270	Gambian
5290	Ghanian
5300	Guinean
5310	Guinea Bissau
5320	Ivory Coast
5340	Kenyan
5380	Lesotho
5410	Liberian
5430	Madagascan
5450	Malawian
5460	Malian
5470	Mauritanian
5490	Mozambican
5500	Namibian
5510	Niger
5530	Nigerian
5540	Fulani
5550	Hausa
5560	Ibo
5570	Tiv (1980)
5571	Tiv (1990-2000)
5572	Yoruba (1990-2000)
5610	Rwandan
5640	Senegalese
5660	Sierra Leonean
5680	Somalian
5690	Swaziland
5700	South African
5710	Union of South Africa
5720	Afrikaner
5730	Natalian
5740	Zulu
5760	Sudanese
5770	Dinka
5780	Nuer
5790	Fur
5800	Baggara
5820	Tanzanian
5830	Tanganyikan
5840	Zanzibar
5860	Togo
5880	Ugandan
5890	Upper Voltan
5900	Voltan
5910	Zairian
5920	Zambian
5930	Zimbabwean
5940	African Islands (1980)
5941	African Islands (1990-2000)
5942	Mauritius (1990-2000)
5950	Other Subsaharan Africa
5960	Central African
5970	East African
5980	West African
5990	African
6000	Afghan
6010	Baluchi
6020	Pathan
6030	Bengali (1980)
6031	Bangladeshi (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
6032	Bengali (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
6070	Bhutanese
6090	Nepali
6150	Asian Indian (1980)
6151	India (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
6152	East Indian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
6153	Madhya Pradesh (1990-2000)
6154	Orissa (1990-2000)
6155	Rajasthani (1990-2000)
6156	Sikkim (1990-2000)
6157	Uttar Pradesh (1990-2000)
6220	Andaman Islander
6240	Andhra Pradesh
6260	Assamese
6280	Goanese
6300	Gujarati
6320	Karnatakan
6340	Keralan
6380	Maharashtran
6400	Madrasi
6420	Mysore
6440	Naga
6480	Pondicherry
6500	Punjabi
6560	Tamil
6750	East Indies (1990-2000)
6800	Pakistani (1980)
6801	Pakistani (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
6802	Kashmiri (1990-2000)
6900	Sri Lankan
6910	Singhalese
6920	Veddah
6950	Maldivian
7000	Burmese (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
7001	Burmese (1980)
7002	Burman (1980)
7020	Shan
7030	Cambodian
7040	Khmer
7060	Chinese
7070	Cantonese (1980)
7071	Cantonese (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
7072	Formosan (1990-2000)
7080	Manchurian
7090	Mandarin (1990-2000)
7120	Mongolian (1980)
7121	Mongolian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
7122	Kalmyk (1990-2000)
7140	Tibetan
7160	Hong Kong (1990-2000)
7161	Hong Kong (1980)
7162	Eastern Archipelago (1980)
7180	Macao
7200	Filipino
7300	Indonesian (1980)
7301	Indonesian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
7302	Borneo (1990-2000)
7303	Java (1990-2000)
7304	Sumatran (1990-2000)
7400	Japanese (1980)
7401	Japanese (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
7402	Issei (1990-2000)
7403	Nisei (1990-2000)
7404	Sansei (1990-2000)
7405	Yonsei (1990-2000)
7406	Gosei (1990-2000)
7460	Ryukyu Islander
7480	Okinawan
7500	Korean
7650	Laotian
7660	Meo
7680	Hmong
7700	Malaysian (1980)
7701	Malaysian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
7702	North Borneo (1990-2000)
7740	Singaporean
7760	Thai
7770	Black Thai
7780	Western Lao
7820	Taiwanese
7850	Vietnamese
7860	Katu
7870	Ma
7880	Mnong
7900	Montagnard
7920	Indochinese
7930	Eurasian
7931	Amerasian
7950	Asian
7960	Other Asian
8000	Australian
8010	Tasmanian
8020	Australian Aborigine (1990-2000)
8030	New Zealander
8080	Polynesian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
8081	Polynesian (1980)
8082	Norfolk Islander (1980)
8090	Kapinagamarangan (1990-2000)
8091	Kapinagamarangan (1980)
8092	Nukuoroan (1980)
8100	Maori
8110	Hawaiian
8130	Part Hawaiian
8140	Samoan (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
8141	Samoan (1980)
8142	American Samoan (1980)
8143	French Samoan
8144	Part Samoan (1990-2000)
8150	Tongan
8160	Tokelauan
8170	Cook Islander
8180	Tahitian
8190	Niuean
8200	Micronesian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
8201	Micronesian (1980)
8202	U.S. Trust Terr of the Pacific
8210	Guamanian
8220	Chamorro Islander
8230	Saipanese (1990-2000)
8231	Saipanese (1980)
8232	Northern Marianas (1980)
8240	Palauan
8250	Marshall Islander
8260	Kosraean
8270	Ponapean (1990-2000)
8271	Ponapean (1980)
8272	Mokilese (1980)
8273	Ngatikese (1980)
8274	Pingelapese (1980)
8280	Chuukese
8281	Hall Islander (1980)
8282	Mortlockese (1980)
8283	Namanouito (1980)
8284	Pulawatese (1980)
8285	Truk Islander
8290	Yap Islander
8300	Caroline Islander (1990-2000)
8301	Caroline Islander (1980)
8302	Lamotrekese (1980)
8303	Ulithian (1980)
8304	Woleaian (1980)
8310	Kiribatese
8320	Nauruan
8330	Tarawa Islander (1990-2000)
8340	Tinian Islander (1990-2000)
8400	Melanesian Islander
8410	Fijian
8430	New Guinean
8440	Papuan
8450	Solomon Islander
8460	New Caledonian Islander
8470	Vanuatuan
8500	Pacific Islander (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
8501	Campbell Islander (1980)
8502	Christmas Islander (1980)
8503	Kermadec Islander (1980)
8504	Midway Islander (1980)
8505	Phoenix Islander (1980)
8506	Wake Islander (1980)
8600	Oceania
8620	Chamolinian (1990-2000)
8630	Reserved Codes
8700	Other Pacific
9000	Afro-American
9001	Afro-American (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9002	Black (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9003	Negro (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9004	Nonwhite (1990-2000)
9005	Colored (1990-2000)
9006	Creole (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9007	Mulatto (1990-2000)
9008	Afro
9020	African-American (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9130	Central American Indian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9140	South American Indian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9200	American Indian (all tribes)
9201	American Indian-English-French
9202	American Indian-English-German
9203	American Indian-English-Irish
9204	American Indian-German-Irish
9205	Cherokee
9206	Native American
9207	Indian
9210	Aleut
9220	Eskimo
9230	Inuit
9240	White/Caucasian
9241	White/Caucasian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9242	Anglo (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9243	Appalachian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9244	Aryan (1990-2000)
9300	Greenlander
9310	Canadian
9330	Newfoundland
9340	Nova Scotian
9350	French Canadian
9360	Acadian
9361	Acadian (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9362	Cajun (1990-2000, ACS, PRCS)
9390	American
9391	American/Unites States
9400	United States
9410	Alabama
9420	Alaska
9430	Arizona
9440	Arkansas
9450	California
9460	Colorado
9470	Connecticut
9480	District of Columbia
9490	Delaware
9500	Florida
9510	Georgia
9520	Idaho
9530	Illinois
9540	Indiana
9550	Iowa
9560	Kansas
9570	Kentucky
9580	Louisiana
9590	Maine
9600	Maryland
9610	Massachusetts
9620	Michigan
9630	Minnesota
9640	Mississippi
9650	Missouri
9660	Montana
9670	Nebraska
9680	Nevada
9690	New Hampshire
9700	New Jersey
9710	New Mexico
9720	New York
9730	North Carolina
9740	North Dakota
9750	Ohio
9760	Oklahoma
9770	Oregon
9780	Pennsylvania
9790	Rhode Island
9800	South Carolina
9810	South Dakota
9820	Tennessee
9830	Texas
9840	Utah
9850	Vermont
9860	Virginia
9870	Washington
9880	West Virginia
9890	Wisconsin
9900	Wyoming
9930	Southerner
9940	North American
9950	Mixture
9960	Uncodable
9961	Not Classified
9962	Suppressed
9970	Deferred Cases
9980	Other
9990	Not Reported

Variable: "CITIZEN"

Name:

CITIZEN

Label:

Citizenship status

Variable Text:

CITIZEN reports the citizenship status of respondents, distinguishing between naturalized citizens and non-citizens. For 1900-1940, respondents who were not yet citizens but who had begun the naturalization process ("received first papers") are identified.

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

168

End Position:

168

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0	N/A
1	Born abroad of American parents
2	Naturalized citizen
3	Not a citizen
4	Not a citizen, but has received first papers
5	Foreign born, citizenship status not reported
8	Illegible
9	Missing/blank

Variable: "YRSUSA1"

Name:

YRSUSA1

Label:

Years in the United States

Variable Text:

YRSUSA1 reports how long a person who was born in a foreign country or U.S. outlying area had been living in the United States.

Other immigration variables are available; see the following table:
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

table_208.html

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

169

End Position:

170

Width:

2

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
00	N/A or less than one year

Variable: "LANGUAGE"

Name:

LANGUAGE

Label:

Language spoken [general version]

Variable Text:

LANGUAGE reports the language that the respondent spoke at home, particularly (for the 1910 Puerto Rican sample and the samples from 1980 onward) if a language other than English was spoken.

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

171

End Position:

172

Width:

2

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
00	N/A or blank
01	English
02	German
03	Yiddish, Jewish
04	Dutch
05	Swedish
06	Danish
07	Norwegian
08	Icelandic
09	Scandinavian
10	Italian
11	French
12	Spanish
13	Portuguese
14	Rumanian
15	Celtic
16	Greek
17	Albanian
18	Russian
19	Ukrainian, Ruthenian, Little Russian
20	Czech
21	Polish
22	Slovak
23	Serbo-Croatian, Yugoslavian, Slavonian
24	Slovene
25	Lithuanian
26	Other Balto-Slavic
27	Slavic unknown
28	Armenian
29	Persian, Iranian, Farsi
30	Other Persian dialects
31	Hindi and related
32	Romany, Gypsy
33	Finnish
34	Magyar, Hungarian
35	Uralic
36	Turkish
37	Other Altaic
38	Caucasian, Georgian, Avar
39	Basque
40	Dravidian
41	Kurukh
42	Burushaski
43	Chinese
44	Tibetan
45	Burmese, Lisu, Lolo
46	Kachin
47	Thai, Siamese, Lao
48	Japanese
49	Korean
50	Vietnamese
51	Other East/Southeast Asian
52	Indonesian
53	Other Malayan
54	Filipino, Tagalog
55	Micronesian, Polynesian
56	Hawaiian
57	Arabic
58	Near East Arabic dialect
59	Hebrew, Israeli
60	Amharic, Ethiopian, etc.
61	Hamitic
62	Other Afro-Asiatic languages
63	Sub-Saharan Africa
64	African, n.s.
70	American Indian (all)
71	Aleut, Eskimo
72	Algonquian
73	Salish, Flathead
74	Athapascan
75	Navajo
76	Penutian-Sahaptin
77	Other Penutian
78	Zuni
79	Yuman
80	Other Hokan languages
81	Siouan languages
82	Muskogean
83	Keres
84	Iroquoian
85	Caddoan
86	Shoshonean/Hopi
87	Pima, Papago
88	Yaqui and other Sonoran, nec
89	Aztecan, Nahuatl, Uto-Aztecan
90	Tanoan languages
91	Other Indian languages
92	Mayan languages
93	American Indian, n.s.
94	Native
95	No language
96	Other or not reported
99	Not reported, blank

Variable: "LANGUAGED"

Name:

LANGUAGED

Label:

Language spoken [detailed version]

Variable Text:

LANGUAGE reports the language that the respondent spoke at home, particularly (for the 1910 Puerto Rican sample and the samples from 1980 onward) if a language other than English was spoken.

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

173

End Position:

176

Width:

4

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0000	N/A or blank
0100	English
0110	Jamaican Creole
0120	Krio, Pidgin Krio
0130	Hawaiian Pidgin
0140	Pidgin
0150	Gullah, Geechee
0160	Saramacca
0170	Other English-based Creole languages
0200	German
0210	Austrian
0220	Swiss
0230	Luxembourgian
0240	Pennsylvania Dutch
0300	Yiddish, Jewish
0310	Jewish
0320	Yiddish
0400	Dutch
0410	Dutch, Flemish, Belgian
0420	Afrikaans
0430	Frisian
0440	Dutch, Afrikaans, Frisian
0450	Belgian, Flemish
0460	Belgian
0470	Flemish
0500	Swedish
0600	Danish
0700	Norwegian
0800	Icelandic
0810	Faroese
0900	Scandinavian
1000	Italian
1010	Rhaeto-Romanic, Ladin
1020	Friulian
1030	Romansh
1100	French
1110	French, Walloon
1120	Provencal
1130	Patois
1140	French or Haitian Creole
1150	Cajun
1200	Spanish
1210	Catalonian, Valencian
1220	Ladino, Sefaradit, Spanol
1230	Pachuco
1250	Mexican
1300	Portuguese
1310	Papia Mentae
1320	Cape Verdean Creole
1400	Rumanian
1500	Celtic
1510	Welsh, Breton, Cornish
1520	Welsh
1530	Breton
1540	Irish Gaelic, Gaelic
1550	Gaelic
1560	Irish
1570	Scottish Gaelic
1580	Scotch
1590	Manx, Manx Gaelic
1600	Greek
1700	Albanian
1800	Russian
1810	Russian, Great Russian
1811	Great Russian
1820	Bielo-, White Russian
1900	Ukrainian, Ruthenian, Little Russian
1910	Ruthenian
1920	Little Russian
1930	Ukrainian
2000	Czech
2010	Bohemian
2020	Moravian
2100	Polish
2110	Kashubian, Slovincian
2200	Slovak
2300	Serbo-Croatian, Yugoslavian, Slavonian
2310	Croatian
2320	Serbian
2321	Bosnian
2330	Dalmatian, Montenegrin
2331	Dalmatian
2332	Montenegrin
2400	Slovene
2500	Lithuanian
2510	Lettish, Latvian
2600	Other Balto-Slavic
2610	Bulgarian
2620	Lusatian, Sorbian, Wendish
2621	Wendish
2630	Macedonian
2700	Slavic unknown
2800	Armenian
2900	Persian, Iranian, Farsi
2910	Persian
2920	Dari
3000	Other Persian dialects
3010	Pashto, Afghan
3020	Kurdish
3030	Balochi
3040	Tadzhik
3050	Ossete
3100	Hindi and related
3101	Hindi, Hindustani, Indic, Jaipuri, Pali, Urdu
3102	Hindi
3103	Urdu
3104	Other Indo-Iranian languages
3110	Other Indo-Aryan
3111	Sanskrit
3112	Bengali
3113	Panjabi
3114	Marathi
3115	Gujarathi
3116	Bihari
3117	Rajasthani
3118	Oriya
3119	Assamese
3120	Kashmiri
3121	Sindhi
3122	Maldivian
3123	Sinhalese
3130	Kannada
3140	India nec
3150	Pakistan nec
3190	Other Indo-European languages
3200	Romany, Gypsy
3210	Gypsy
3300	Finnish
3400	Magyar, Hungarian
3401	Magyar
3402	Hungarian
3500	Uralic
3510	Estonian, Ingrian, Livonian, Vepsian, Votic
3511	Estonian
3520	Lapp, Inari, Kola, Lule, Pite, Ruija, Skolt, Ume
3521	Lappish
3530	Other Uralic
3600	Turkish
3700	Other Altaic
3701	Chuvash
3702	Karakalpak
3703	Kazakh
3704	Kirghiz
3705	Karachay, Tatar, Balkar, Bashkir, Kumyk
3706	Uzbek, Uighur
3707	Azerbaijani
3708	Turkmen
3709	Yakut
3710	Mongolian
3711	Tungus
3800	Caucasian, Georgian, Avar
3810	Georgian
3900	Basque
4000	Dravidian
4001	Brahui
4002	Gondi
4003	Telugu
4004	Malayalam
4005	Tamil
4010	Bhili
4011	Nepali
4100	Kurukh
4110	Munda
4200	Burushaski
4300	Chinese
4301	Chinese, Cantonese, Min, Yueh
4302	Cantonese
4303	Mandarin
4310	Other Chinese
4311	Hakka, Fukien, Kechia
4312	Kan, Nan Chang
4313	Hsiang, Chansa, Hunan, Iyan
4314	Fuchow, Min Pei
4315	Wu
4400	Tibetan
4410	Miao-Yao, Mien
4420	Miao, Hmong
4430	Iu Mien
4500	Burmese, Lisu, Lolo
4510	Karen
4520	Chin languages
4600	Kachin
4700	Thai, Siamese, Lao
4710	Thai
4720	Laotian
4800	Japanese
4900	Korean
5000	Vietnamese
5100	Other East/Southeast Asian
5110	Ainu
5120	Mon-Khmer, Cambodian
5130	Siberian, n.e.c.
5140	Yukagir
5150	Muong
5200	Indonesian
5210	Buginese
5220	Moluccan
5230	Achinese
5240	Balinese
5250	Cham
5260	Madurese
5270	Malay
5280	Minangkabau
5290	Other Asian languages
5300	Other Malayan
5310	Formosan, Taiwanese
5320	Javanese
5330	Malagasy
5340	Sundanese
5400	Filipino, Tagalog
5410	Bisayan
5420	Sebuano
5430	Pangasinan
5440	Llocano, Hocano
5450	Bikol
5460	Pampangan
5470	Gorontalo
5480	Palau
5500	Micronesian, Polynesian
5501	Micronesian
5502	Carolinian
5503	Chamorro, Guamanian
5504	Gilbertese
5505	Kusaiean
5506	Marshallese
5507	Mokilese
5508	Mortlockese
5509	Nauruan
5510	Ponapean
5511	Trukese
5512	Ulithean, Fais
5513	Woleai-Ulithi
5514	Yapese
5520	Melanesian
5521	Polynesian
5522	Samoan
5523	Tongan
5524	Niuean
5525	Tokelauan
5526	Fijian
5527	Marquesan
5528	Rarotongan
5529	Maori
5530	Nukuoro, Kapingarangan
5590	Other Pacific Island languages
5600	Hawaiian
5700	Arabic
5710	Algerian, Moroccan, Tunisian
5720	Egyptian
5730	Iraqi
5740	Libyan
5750	Maltese
5800	Near East Arabic dialect
5810	Syriac, Aramaic, Chaldean
5820	Syrian
5900	Hebrew, Israeli
6000	Amharic, Ethiopian, etc.
6100	Hamitic
6110	Berber
6120	Chadic, Hamitic, Hausa
6130	Cushite, Beja, Somali
6200	Other Afro-Asiatic languages
6300	Nilotic
6301	Nilo-Hamitic
6302	Nubian
6303	Saharan
6304	Nilo-Saharan, Fur, Songhai
6305	Khoisan
6306	Sudanic
6307	Bantu (many subheads)
6308	Swahili
6309	Mande
6310	Fulani
6311	Gur
6312	Kru
6313	Efik, Ibibio, Tiv
6314	Mbum, Gbaya, Sango, Zande
6320	Eastern Sudanic and Khoisan
6321	Niger-Congo regions (many subheads)
6322	Congo, Kongo, Luba, Ruanda, Rundi, Santali, Swahili
6390	Other specified African languages
6400	African, n.s.
7000	American Indian (all)
7100	Aleut, Eskimo
7110	Aleut
7120	Pacific Gulf Yupik
7130	Eskimo
7140	Inupik, Innuit
7150	St. Lawrence Isl. Yupik
7160	Yupik
7200	Algonquian
7201	Arapaho
7202	Atsina, Gros Ventre
7203	Blackfoot
7204	Cheyenne
7205	Cree
7206	Delaware, Lenni-Lenape
7207	Fox, Sac
7208	Kickapoo
7209	Menomini
7210	Metis, French Cree
7211	Miami
7212	Micmac
7213	Ojibwa, Chippewa
7214	Ottawa
7215	Passamaquoddy, Malecite
7216	Penobscot
7217	Abnaki
7218	Potawatomi
7219	Shawnee
7300	Salish, Flathead
7301	Lower Chehalis
7302	Upper Chehalis, Chelalis, Satsop
7303	Clallam
7304	Coeur dAlene, Skitsamish
7305	Columbia, Chelan, Wenatchee
7306	Cowlitz
7307	Nootsack
7308	Okanogan
7309	Puget Sound Salish
7310	Quinault, Queets
7311	Tillamook
7312	Twana
7313	Kalispel
7314	Spokane
7400	Athapascan
7401	Ahtena
7402	Han
7403	Ingalit
7404	Koyukon
7405	Kuchin
7406	Upper Kuskokwim
7407	Tanaina
7408	Tanana, Minto
7409	Tanacross
7410	Upper Tanana, Nabesena, Tetlin
7411	Tutchone
7412	Chasta Costa, Chetco, Coquille, Smith River Athapascan
7413	Hupa
7420	Apache
7421	Jicarilla, Lipan
7422	Chiricahua, Mescalero
7423	San Carlos, Cibecue, White Mountain
7424	Kiowa-Apache
7430	Kiowa
7440	Eyak
7450	Other Athapascan-Eyak, Cahto, Mattole, Wailaki
7490	Other Algonquin languages
7500	Navajo
7600	Penutian-Sahaptin
7610	Klamath, Modoc
7620	Nez Perce
7630	Sahaptian, Celilo, Klikitat, Palouse, Tenino, Umatilla, Warm
7700	Mountain Maidu, Maidu
7701	Northwest Maidu, Concow
7702	Southern Maidu, Nisenan
7703	Coast Miwok, Bodega, Marin
7704	Plains Miwok
7705	Sierra Miwok, Miwok
7706	Nomlaki, Tehama
7707	Patwin, Colouse, Suisun
7708	Wintun
7709	Foothill North Yokuts
7710	Tachi
7711	Santiam, Calapooya, Wapatu
7712	Siuslaw, Coos, Lower Umpqua
7713	Tsimshian
7714	Upper Chinook, Clackamas, Multnomah, Wasco, Wishram
7715	Chinook Jargon
7800	Zuni
7900	Yuman
7910	Upriver Yuman
7920	Cocomaricopa
7930	Mohave
7940	Diegueno
7950	Delta River Yuman
7960	Upland Yuman
7970	Havasupai
7980	Walapai
7990	Yavapai
8000	Achumawi
8010	Atsugewi
8020	Karok
8030	Pomo
8040	Shastan
8050	Washo
8060	Chumash
8100	Siouan languages
8101	Crow, Absaroke
8102	Hidatsa
8103	Mandan
8104	Dakota, Lakota, Nakota, Sioux
8105	Chiwere
8106	Winnebago
8107	Kansa, Kaw
8108	Omaha
8109	Osage
8110	Ponca
8111	Quapaw, Arkansas
8120	Iowa
8200	Muskogean
8210	Alabama
8220	Choctaw, Chickasaw
8230	Mikasuki
8240	Hichita, Apalachicola
8250	Koasati
8260	Muskogee, Creek, Seminole
8300	Keres
8400	Iroquoian
8410	Mohawk
8420	Oneida
8430	Onondaga
8440	Cayuga
8450	Seneca
8460	Tuscarora
8470	Wyandot, Huron
8480	Cherokee
8500	Caddoan
8510	Arikara
8520	Pawnee
8530	Wichita
8600	Shoshonean/Hopi
8601	Comanche
8602	Mono, Owens Valley Paiute
8603	Paiute
8604	Northern Paiute, Bannock, Num, Snake
8605	Southern Paiute
8606	Chemehuevi
8607	Kawaiisu
8608	Ute
8609	Shoshoni
8610	Panamint
8620	Hopi
8630	Cahuilla
8631	Cupeno
8632	Luiseno
8633	Serrano
8640	Tubatulabal
8700	Pima, Papago
8800	Yaqui
8810	Sonoran n.e.c., Cahita, Guasave, Huichole, Nayit, Tarahumar
8820	Tarahumara
8900	Aztecan, Nahuatl, Uto-Aztecan
8910	Aztecan, Mexicano, Nahua
9000	Tanoan languages
9010	Picuris, Northern Tiwa, Taos
9020	Tiwa, Isleta
9030	Sandia
9040	Tewa, Hano, Hopi-Tewa, San Ildefonso, San Juan, Santa Clara
9050	Towa
9100	Wiyot
9101	Yurok
9110	Kwakiutl
9111	Nootka
9112	Makah
9120	Kutenai
9130	Haida
9131	Tlingit, Chilkat, Sitka, Tongass, Yakutat
9140	Tonkawa
9150	Yuchi
9160	Chetemacha
9170	Yuki
9171	Wappo
9200	Mayan languages
9210	Misumalpan
9211	Cakchiquel
9212	Mam
9213	Maya
9214	Quekchi
9215	Quiche
9220	Tarascan
9230	Mapuche
9231	Araucanian
9240	Oto-Manguen
9241	Mixtec
9242	Zapotec
9250	Quechua
9260	Aymara
9270	Arawakian
9271	Island Caribs
9280	Chibchan
9281	Cuna
9282	Guaymi
9290	Tupi-Guarani
9291	Tupi
9292	Guarani
9300	American Indian, n.s.
9400	Native
9410	Other specified American Indian languages
9420	South/Central American Indian
9500	No language
9600	Other or not reported
9601	Other n.e.c.
9602	Other n.s.
9700	Unknown
9800	Illegible
9900	Not reported, blank
9999

Variable: "TRIBE"

Name:

TRIBE

Label:

Tribe [general version]

Variable Text:

In 1990, tribal information is included for all persons who reported their race as American Indian or Alaska Native. In the 2000 census, 2010 census, the ACS, and the PRCS tribal information is only available for American Indians and Alaska Natives who reported a single race. Multi-racial American Indians and Alaska Natives may have written tribal information on the census form, but their tribal information is not available in the public use samples for confidentiality reasons.

In 1900 and 1910, tribal information is available only for Alaskan residents and for American Indians who were enumerated on the American Indian schedules. The modified schedule used to enumerate American Indians in 1900 and 1910 contained a field labeled "Tribe of this Indian." Enumerators were instructed to "secure the name of the tribe with which the person is connected." The schedule used to enumerate Alaskan residents in 1900 and 1910 also contained a field for "Tribe or Clan."

MTRIBE and FTRIBE provide the same information about respondents' parents in 1900 and 1910.

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

177

End Position:

180

Width:

4

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0000	Not applicable or blank
1001	Alaskan Indian
1002	Alaska Native
1003	Alaskan Athabaskan
1004	Aleut
1005	Eskimo
1006	Tlingit-Haida
1007	Tshimshian
1008	Alaska Native, other or unknown
2001	Abenaki
2002	Algonquian
2003	Apache
2004	Arapaho
2005	Arikara
2006	Assiniboine
2007	Bannock
2008	Blackfoot
2009	Brotherton
2010	Caddo
2011	Cahuilla
2012	California tribes
2013	Canadian Indian
2014	Catawba
2015	Cayuse
2016	Chehalis
2017	Chemakuan
2018	Chemehuevi
2019	Cherokee
2020	Cheyenne
2021	Chickasaw
2022	Chinook
2023	Chippewa
2024	Chitimacha
2025	Choctaw
2026	Chumash
2027	Coeur D'Alene
2028	Colville
2029	Comanche
2030	Coos
2031	Coquilles
2032	Coushatta
2033	Cowlitz
2034	Cree
2035	Creek
2036	Croatan
2037	Crow
2038	Delaware
2039	Diegueno
2040	Eastern tribes
2041	Grand Ronde
2042	Gros Ventres
2043	Hawaiian
2044	Hoopa
2046	Iowa
2047	Iroquois
2048	Kalispel
2049	Karok/Karuk
2050	Kaw
2051	Kickapoo
2052	Kiowa
2053	Klallam
2054	Klamath
2055	Konkow
2056	Kootenai
2057	Latin American
2058	Long Island - Matinecock
2059	Luiseno
2060	Lumbee
2061	Lummi
2062	Makah
2063	Mailseet/Maliseet
2064	Mandan
2065	Menominee
2066	Miami
2067	Micmac
2068	Mission Indians
2069	Miwok
2070	Modoc
2071	Mohegan
2072	Molala
2073	Mono
2074	Narragansett
2075	Navajo
2076	Nez Perce
2077	Nomalaki
2078	Northwest tribes
2079	Omaha
2080	Oregon Athabaskan
2081	Osage
2082	Otoe-Missouria
2083	Ottawa
2084	Paiute
2085	Passamaquoddy
2086	Pawnee
2087	Penobscot
2088	Peoria
2089	Pequot
2090	Pima
2091	Pit River
2092	Pomo
2093	Ponca
2094	Potawatomie
2095	Powhatan
2096	Pueblo
2097	Puget Sound Salish
2098	Quapaw
2099	Quinault
2100	Sac and Fox
2101	Salish
2102	Seminole
2103	Serrano
2104	Shasta
2105	Shawnee
2106	Shinnecock
2107	Shoshone
2108	Shoshone Paiute/Paiute Shoshone
2109	Siletz
2110	Sioux
2111	Spokane
2112	Stockbridge
2113	Tohono O'Odham
2114	Tolowa
2115	Tonkawa
2116	Umatilla
2117	Umpqua
2118	Ute
2119	Wailaki
2120	Walla-Walla
2121	Warm Springs
2122	Washo
2123	Wichita
2124	Winnebago
2125	Wintu/Wintun
2126	Yakima
2127	Yaqui
2128	Yokuts
2129	Yuchi
2130	Yuman
2131	Yurok
2132	American Indian, tribe not elsewhere classified
2133	American Indian, tribe not specified
2134	All other specified American Indian tribe combinations
3001	American Indian and Alaska Native, tribe not elsewhere classified
3002	American Indian and Alaska Native, not specified

Variable: "TRIBED"

Name:

TRIBED

Label:

Tribe [detailed version]

Variable Text:

In 1990, tribal information is included for all persons who reported their race as American Indian or Alaska Native. In the 2000 census, 2010 census, the ACS, and the PRCS tribal information is only available for American Indians and Alaska Natives who reported a single race. Multi-racial American Indians and Alaska Natives may have written tribal information on the census form, but their tribal information is not available in the public use samples for confidentiality reasons.

In 1900 and 1910, tribal information is available only for Alaskan residents and for American Indians who were enumerated on the American Indian schedules. The modified schedule used to enumerate American Indians in 1900 and 1910 contained a field labeled "Tribe of this Indian." Enumerators were instructed to "secure the name of the tribe with which the person is connected." The schedule used to enumerate Alaskan residents in 1900 and 1910 also contained a field for "Tribe or Clan."

MTRIBE and FTRIBE provide the same information about respondents' parents in 1900 and 1910.

Concept:

Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

181

End Position:

186

Width:

6

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
000000	Not applicable or blank
100100	Alaska Indian
100101	Alaska Indian
100200	Alaska Native
100300	Alaskan Athabaskan
100301	Alaskan Athabaskan - Tanaina
100400	Aleut
100500	Eskimo
100510	Inupiat
100520	Yup'ik
100601	Haida
100602	Tlingit
100603	Tlingit-Haida
100700	Tsimshian
100800	Alaska Native, other or unknown
100801	Alaska Native, tribe not reported
200100	Abenaki
200200	Algonquian
200300	Apache
200301	Apache - Jicarilla
200302	Apache - Lipan
200303	Apache - Mescalero
200304	Apache - Payson
200305	Apache - White Mountain
200400	Arapaho
200500	Arikara
200600	Assiniboine
200700	Bannock
200800	Blackfoot
200900	Brotherton
201000	Caddo
201100	Cahuilla
201101	Cahuilla - Soboba
201201	California tribe - Digger
201202	California tribe - Kern River
201203	California tribe - Mattole
201204	California tribe - Morongo
201205	California tribe - Red Wood
201206	California tribe - Yuki
201300	Canadian Indian
201301	Canadian Indian - Canadian Athabaskan
201302	Canadian Indian - Tribe not specified, Canadian Indian
201303	French American Indian
201304	Chippewa - French American Indian
201305	Tribe not specified, French American Indian
201400	Catawba
201500	Cayuse
201600	Chehalis
201701	Chemakuan - Hoh
201702	Chemakuan - Quileute
201800	Chemehuevi
201900	Cherokee
202000	Cheyenne
202100	Chickasaw
202200	Chinook
202201	Chinook - Clatsop
202202	Chinook - Upper Chinook
202203	Chinook - Wishram
202300	Chippewa
202400	Chitimacha
202500	Choctaw
202501	Mississippi Choctaw
202600	Chumash
202700	Coeur D'Alene
202800	Colville
202900	Comanche
203000	Coos
203100	Coquilles
203200	Coushatta
203201	Alabama Coushatta
203300	Cowlitz
203400	Cree
203500	Creek
203501	Creek - Hitchiti
203600	Croatan
203700	Crow
203800	Delaware
203801	Deleware - Munsee
203900	Diegueno
203901	Diegueno - Sycuan
204001	Eastern tribe - Georgetown
204002	Eastern tribe - Nansemond
204003	Eastern tribe - Tunica
204100	Grand Ronde
204200	Gros Ventres
204300	Hawaiian
204400	Hoopa
204401	Hoopa - Trinity
204500	Houma
204600	Iowa
204700	Iroquois
204701	Iroquois - Cayuga
204702	Iroquois - Mohawk
204703	Iroquois - Oneida
204704	Iroquois - Onondaga
204705	Iroquois - Seneca
204706	Iroquois - Tuscarora
204707	Iroquois - Wyandotte
204708	Iroquois - Amerind White
204800	Kalispel
204900	Karok/Karuk
205000	Kaw
205100	Kickapoo
205200	Kiowa
205301	Klallam
205302	Port Gamble Klallam
205400	Klamath
205500	Konkow
205600	Kootenai
205701	Central American Indian
205702	Tohono O'Odham - Central American Indian
205703	Mexican American Indian
205704	Tribe not specified, Mexican American Indian
205705	South American Indian
205706	Spanish American Indian
205800	Long Island - Matinecock
205900	Luiseno
205901	Luiseno - La Jolla
206000	Lumbee
206100	Lummi
206200	Makah
206300	Mailseet/Maliseet
206400	Mandan
206500	Menominee
206600	Miami
206700	Micmac
206800	Mission Indians
206900	Miwok
207000	Modoc
207100	Mohegan
207200	Molala
207300	Mono
207400	Narragansett
207500	Navajo
207600	Nez Perce
207700	Nomalaki
207801	Northweste tribe - Alsea
207802	Northweste tribe - Columbia
207803	Northweste tribe - Kalapuya
207804	Northweste tribe - Tenino
207805	Northweste tribe - Tillamook
207806	Northweste tribe - Wenatchee
207900	Omaha
208000	Oregon Athabaskan
208100	Osage
208200	Otoe-Missouria
208300	Ottawa
208400	Paiute
208401	Paiute - Kaibab
208500	Passamaquoddy
208600	Pawnee
208700	Penobscot
208800	Peoria
208900	Pequot
209000	Pima
209100	Pit River
209200	Pomo
209201	Pomo - Scotts Valley
209300	Ponca
209400	Potawatomie
209500	Powhatan
209600	Pueblo
209601	Pueblo - Acoma
209602	Pueblo - Arizona Tewa
209603	Pueblo - Cochiti
209604	Pueblo - Hopi
209605	Pueblo - Jemez
209606	Pueblo - Keres
209607	Pueblo - Laguna
209608	Pueblo - Taos
209609	Pueblo - Tewa
209610	Pueblo - Tigua
209611	Pueblo - Zuni
209700	Puget Sound Salish
209701	Puget Sound Salish - Duwamish
209702	Puget Sound Salish - Kikiallus
209703	Puget Sound Salish - Muckleshoot
209704	Puget Sound Salish - Nisqually
209705	Puget Sound Salish - Nooksack
209706	Puget Sound Salish - Port Madison
209707	Puget Sound Salish - Puyallup
209708	Puget Sound Salish - Samish
209709	Puget Sound Salish - Sauk-Suiattle
209710	Puget Sound Salish - Skokomish
209711	Puget Sound Salish - Skykomish
209712	Puget Sound Salish - Snohomish
209713	Puget Sound Salish - Snoqualmie
209714	Puget Sound Salish - Steilacoom
209715	Puget Sound Salish - Suquamish
209716	Puget Sound Salish - Swinomish
209717	Puget Sound Salish - Tulalip
209718	Puget Sound Salish - Upper Skagit
209800	Quapaw
209900	Quinault
210000	Sac and Fox
210100	Salish
210200	Seminole
210300	Serrano
210400	Shasta
210500	Shawnee
210600	Shinnecock
210700	Shoshone
210701	Shoshone - Goshute
210702	Shoshone - South Fork
210800	Shoshone Paiute/Paiute Shoshone
210900	Siletz
211000	Sioux
211001	Sioux - Brule
211002	Sioux - Lower Brule
211003	Sioux - Mdewakanton
211004	Sioux - Miniconjou
211005	Sioux - Oglala
211006	Sioux - Rosebud
211007	Sioux - Sans Arc
211008	Sioux - Santee
211009	Sioux - Sisseton
211010	Sioux - Sisseton-Wahpeton
211011	Sioux - Teton
211012	Sioux - Two Kettle
211013	Sioux - Wahpekute
211014	Sioux - Wahpeton
211015	Sioux - Wazhaza
211016	Sioux - Yankton
211017	Sioux - Yanktonai
211018	Sioux - Amerind White
211100	Spokane
211200	Stockbridge
211300	Tohono O'Odham
211400	Tolowa
211500	Tonkawa
211600	Umatilla
211700	Umpqua
211800	Ute
211801	Uintah Ute
211900	Wailaki
212000	Walla-Walla
212100	Warm Springs
212200	Washo
212300	Wichita
212400	Winnebago
212500	Wintu/Wintun
212600	Yakima
212700	Yaqui
212801	Chukchansi
212802	Tule River
212900	Yuchi
213000	Yuman
213001	Yuman - Cocopah
213002	Yuman - Havasupai
213003	Yuman - Hualapai
213004	Yuman - Maricopa
213005	Yuman - Mohave
213006	Yuman - Quechan
213100	Yurok
213200	American Indian, tribe not elsewhere classified
213300	American Indian, tribe not specified
213301	Amerind White
213302	Amerind Black
213400	All other specified American Indian tribe combinations
300100	American Indian and Alaska Native, tribe not elsewhere classified
300200	American Indian and Alaska Native, not specified

Variable: "HCOVANY"

Name:

HCOVANY

Label:

Any health insurance coverage

Variable Text:

HCOVANY indicates whether persons had any health insurance coverage at the time of interview, as measured by employer-provided insurance(HINSEMP), privately purchased insurance (HINSPUR), Medicare (HINSCARE), Medicaid or other governmental insurance (HINSCAID), TRICARE or other military care (HINSTRI), or Veterans Administration-provided insurance (HINSVA). The Census Bureau does not consider respondents to have coverage if their only coverage is from Indian Health Services (HINSIHS), as IHS policies are not always comprehensive.

For a summary of health insurance variables in the ACS/PRCS, see the IPUMS health insurance page.

Concept:

Health Insurance Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

187

End Position:

187

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
1	No health insurance coverage
2	With health insurance coverage

Variable: "HCOVPRIV"

Name:

HCOVPRIV

Label:

Private health insurance coverage

Variable Text:

HCOVPRIV indicates whether persons had private health insurance coverage at the time of interview. The Census Bureau classifies employer- or union-provided insurance (HINSEMP), plans purchased by individuals from private insurance companies (HINSPUR), and TRICARE or other military health care (HINSTRI) as private coverage.

For a summary of health insurance variables in the ACS/PRCS, see the IPUMS health insurance page.

Concept:

Health Insurance Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

188

End Position:

188

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
1	Without private health insurance coverage
2	With private health insurance coverage

Variable: "HCOVPUB"

Name:

HCOVPUB

Label:

Public health insurance coverage

Variable Text:

HCOVPUB indicates whether persons had public health insurance coverage at the time of interview. The Census Bureau classifies as "public insurance" the federal insurance programs Medicare (HINSCARE), Medicaid (HINSCAID), and Department of Veterans Affairs insurance (HINSVA). The Census Bureau does not consider insurance provided by Indian Health Services to be public coverage, as IHS policies are not always comprehensive.

For a summary of health insurance variables in the ACS/PRCS, see the IPUMS health insurance page.

Concept:

Health Insurance Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

189

End Position:

189

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
1	Without public health insurance coverage
2	With public health insurance coverage

Variable: "EDUC"

Name:

EDUC

Label:

Educational attainment [general version]

Variable Text:

EDUC indicates respondents' educational attainment, as measured by the highest year of school or degree completed. Note that completion differs from the highest year of school attendance; for example, respondents who attended 10th grade but did not finish were classified in EDUC as having completed 9th grade. For additional detail on grade attendance, see GRADEATT as well as the detailed version of HIGRADE.

Concept:

Education Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

190

End Position:

191

Width:

2

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
00	N/A or no schooling
01	Nursery school to grade 4
02	Grade 5, 6, 7, or 8
03	Grade 9
04	Grade 10
05	Grade 11
06	Grade 12
07	1 year of college
08	2 years of college
09	3 years of college
10	4 years of college
11	5+ years of college

Variable: "EDUCD"

Name:

EDUCD

Label:

Educational attainment [detailed version]

Variable Text:

EDUC indicates respondents' educational attainment, as measured by the highest year of school or degree completed. Note that completion differs from the highest year of school attendance; for example, respondents who attended 10th grade but did not finish were classified in EDUC as having completed 9th grade. For additional detail on grade attendance, see GRADEATT as well as the detailed version of HIGRADE.

Concept:

Education Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

192

End Position:

194

Width:

3

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
000	N/A or no schooling
001	N/A
002	No schooling completed
010	Nursery school to grade 4
011	Nursery school, preschool
012	Kindergarten
013	Grade 1, 2, 3, or 4
014	Grade 1
015	Grade 2
016	Grade 3
017	Grade 4
020	Grade 5, 6, 7, or 8
021	Grade 5 or 6
022	Grade 5
023	Grade 6
024	Grade 7 or 8
025	Grade 7
026	Grade 8
030	Grade 9
040	Grade 10
050	Grade 11
060	Grade 12
061	12th grade, no diploma
062	High school graduate or GED
063	Regular high school diploma
064	GED or alternative credential
065	Some college, but less than 1 year
070	1 year of college
071	1 or more years of college credit, no degree
080	2 years of college
081	Associate's degree, type not specified
082	Associate's degree, occupational program
083	Associate's degree, academic program
090	3 years of college
100	4 years of college
101	Bachelor's degree
110	5+ years of college
111	6 years of college (6+ in 1960-1970)
112	7 years of college
113	8+ years of college
114	Master's degree
115	Professional degree beyond a bachelor's degree
116	Doctoral degree
999	Missing

Variable: "EMPSTAT"

Name:

EMPSTAT

Label:

Employment status [general version]

Variable Text:

EMPSTAT indicates whether the respondent was a part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- and, if so, whether the person was currently unemployed. The second digit preserves additional related information available for some years but not others. See LABFORCE for a dichotomous variable that identifies whether a person participated in the labor force or not and is available for all years in the IPUMS.

Concept:

Work Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

195

End Position:

195

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0	N/A
1	Employed
2	Unemployed
3	Not in labor force

Variable: "EMPSTATD"

Name:

EMPSTATD

Label:

Employment status [detailed version]

Variable Text:

EMPSTAT indicates whether the respondent was a part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- and, if so, whether the person was currently unemployed. The second digit preserves additional related information available for some years but not others. See LABFORCE for a dichotomous variable that identifies whether a person participated in the labor force or not and is available for all years in the IPUMS.

Concept:

Work Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

196

End Position:

197

Width:

2

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
00	N/A
10	At work
11	At work, public emerg
12	Has job, not working
13	Armed forces
14	Armed forces--at work
15	Armed forces--not at work but with job
20	Unemployed
21	Unemp, exper worker
22	Unemp, new worker
30	Not in Labor Force
31	NILF, housework
32	NILF, unable to work
33	NILF, school
34	NILF, other

Variable: "LABFORCE"

Name:

LABFORCE

Label:

Labor force status

Variable Text:

LABFORCE is a dichotomous variable indicating whether a person participated in the labor force. See EMPSTAT for a non-dichotomous variable that indicates whether the respondent was part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- and, if so, whether the person was currently unemployed.

Concept:

Work Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

198

End Position:

198

Width:

1

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0	N/A
1	No, not in the labor force
2	Yes, in the labor force

Variable: "OCC"

Name:

OCC

Label:

Occupation

Variable Text:

OCC reports the person's primary occupation, coded into a contemporary census classification scheme (some non-occupational activities are also recorded in the pre-1940 samples). Generally, the primary occupation is the one from which the person earns the most money; if respondents were not sure about this, they were to report the one at which they spent the most time. Unemployed persons were to give their most recent occupation. For persons listing more than one occupation, the samples use the first one listed.

Universe Note: "New Workers" are persons seeking employment for the first time, who had not yet secured their first job.

Note Regarding Multi-Year Samples: In Multi-Year ACS files, OCC codes depend on the original year the respondent was interviewed (see MULTYEAR). For example in the 2011-2015 5-year ACS sample, respondents from 2011 correspond to the set of OCC codes used from 2010-2011, while respondents from 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 correspond to the set of OCC codes used from 2012-2015 (see ACS/PRCS Occupation Codes)

Concept:

Work Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

199

End Position:

202

Width:

4

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
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Variable: "IND"

Name:

IND

Label:

Industry

Variable Text:

IND is an un-recoded variable that reports the type of industry in which the person performed an occupation, which is recorded in the variables OCC (Occupation) and OCC1950 (Occupation, 1950 basis). In census usage, "industry" currently refers to work setting and economic sector, as opposed to the worker's specific technical function, or "occupation". Prior to 1930, the occupation and industry concepts were not so clearly distinguishable from one another.

Some persons work in more than one industry. Generally, the instructions asked for the industry from which the person earned the most money. Respondents not sure about this were to report the industry in which they spent the most time. For persons listing more than one industry, the samples use the first one listed. Persons not currently employed were to give their most recent industry.

Universe Note: "New Workers" are persons seeking employment for the first time, who had not yet secured their first job.

Note Regarding Multi-Year Samples: In Multi-Year ACS files, IND codes depend on the original year the respondent was interviewed (see MULTYEAR). For example, in the 2011-2015 5-year ACS sample, respondents from 2011 and 2012 correspond to the set of IND codes used from 2008-2012, while respondents from 2013, 2014, and 2015 correspond to the set of OCC codes used from 2013-2015.

Concept:

Work Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

203

End Position:

206

Width:

4

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
0000
0001
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
0010
0011
0012
0013
0014
0015
0016
0017
0018
0019
0020
0021
0022
0023
0024
0025
0026
0027
0028
0029
0030
0031
0032
0033
0034
0035
0036
0037
0038
0039
0040
0041
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0043
0044
0045
0046
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0048
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0050
0051
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0055
0056
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0058
0059
0060
0061
0062
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0065
0066
0067
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0070
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0072
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0075
0076
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0080
0081
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0086
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0090
0091
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0100
0101
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0115
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0121
0122
0123
0124
0125
0126
0127
0128
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0130
0131
0137
0138
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0146
0147
0148
0149
0157
0158
0159
0166
0167
0168
0169
0176
0177
0178
0179
0186
0187
0188
0197
0198
0199
0206
0207
0208
0209
0219
0227
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0249
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0267
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0299
0307
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0867
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0876
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0879
0887
0888
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0897
0899
0907
0917
0927
0937
0947
0995
0996
0997
0998
0999

Variable: "INCTOT"

Name:	INCTOT
Label:	Total personal income
Variable Text:	INCTOT reports each respondent's total pre-tax personal income or losses from all sources for the previous year. The censuses collected information on income received from these sources during the previous calendar year; for the ACS and the PRCS, the reference period was the past 12 months. Amounts are expressed in contemporary dollars, and users studying change over time must adjust for inflation: Users studying change over time must adjust for inflation. Consumer Price Index adjustment factors for the appropriate years can be found in the CPI99 variable. The exception is the ACS/PRCS multi-year files, where all dollar amounts have been standardized to dollars as valued in the final year of data included in the file (e.g., 2007 dollars for the 2005-2007 3-year file). Additionally, more detail may be available than exists in the original ACS samples. User Note: ACS respondents are surveyed throughout the year, and amounts do not reflect calendar year dollars. While the Census Bureau provides an adjustment factor (available in ADJUST), this is an imperfect solution. See the ACS income variables note for further details. For a more complete discussion of the use of these factors to adjust for inflation, users may wish to see the IPUMS-CPS note on adjusting dollar amount variables for inflation.
Concept:	Income Variables -- PERSON
Start Position:	207
End Position:	213
Width:	7
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesINCTOT is a 7-digit numeric code reporting each respondent's total pre-tax personal income or losses from all sources for the previous year. INCTOT specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below by Census year (and data sample if specified). User Note: Users studying change over time must adjust for inflation (See Description). INCTOT Specific Variable Codes -009995 = -$9,900 (1980) -000001 = Net loss (1950) 0000000 = None 0000001 = $1 or break even (2000, 2005-onward ACS and PRCS) 9999999 = N/A * .indent { text-indent: 10px; } * .lrgindent { text-indent: 90px; } INCTOT Census Bottom Code Top Code 1950 Net loss $10,000 1960 -$9,900 $25,000 1970 -$9,900 $50,000 1980 -$9,990 $75,000 1990 -$19,998  $400,000* 2000 -$20,000 $999,998 ACS -$19,998 - PRCS -$19,998 -

Variable: "FTOTINC"

Name:	FTOTINC
Label:	Total family income
Variable Text:	FTOTINC reports the total pre-tax money income earned by one's family (as defined by FAMUNIT) from all sources for the previous year. For the census samples, the reference period is the previous calendar year; for the ACS/PRCS, it is the previous 12 months. For 1950-1980, the amounts represent the midpoints of $10, $100, or other intervals used by each year's sample, not exact dollar amounts. 1990 gives exact dollar amounts. For the 2000 census, the ACS and the PRCS, FTOTINC is the sum of several income variables, each of which is rounded as follows: No income $0  $1 - $7   $4  $8 - $999   rounded to nearest $10  $1,000 - $49,999   rounded to nearest $100  $50,000 or more   rounded to nearest $1000
Concept:	Income Variables -- PERSON
Start Position:	214
End Position:	220
Width:	7
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesFTOTINC is a 7-digit numeric code reporting the total pre-tax money income earned by one's family (as defined by FAMUNIT) from all sources for the previous year. FTOTINC specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below by Census year (and data sample if specified). User Note: Amounts are expressed in contemporary dollars, and users studying change over time must adjust for inflation (See Description). FTOTINC Specific Variable Codes -000001 = Net loss (1950) 0000000 = No income (1950-2000, ACS/PRCS) 9999998 = Not ascertained (1950) 9999999 = N/A * .indent { text-indent: 10px; } * .lrgindent { text-indent: 90px; } FTOTINC Census Bottom Code Top Code 1950 Net loss $10,000 1960 -$9,990 $25,000 1970 -$9,990 $50,000 1980 -$9,995 $75,000 1990  By State*  By State* 2000 -$59,999 - ACS - - PRCS - -

Variable: "INCWAGE"

Name:	INCWAGE
Label:	Wage and salary income
Variable Text:	INCWAGE reports each respondent's total pre-tax wage and salary income - that is, money received as an employee - for the previous year. The censuses collected information on income received from these sources during the previous calendar year; for the ACS and the PRCS, the reference period was the past 12 months. Sources of income in INCWAGE include wages, salaries, commissions, cash bonuses, tips, and other money income received from an employer. Payments-in-kind or reimbursements for business expenses are not included. See the comparability discussion below for further information. Amounts are expressed in contemporary dollars, and users studying change over time must adjust for inflation (See INCTOT for Consumer Price Index adjustment factors). The exception is the ACS/PRCS multi-year files, where all dollar amounts have been standardized to dollars as valued in the final year of data included in the file (e.g., 2007 dollars for the 2005-2007 3-year file). Additionally, more detail may be available than exists in the original ACS samples. User Note: ACS respondents are surveyed throughout the year, and amounts do not reflect calendar year dollars. While the Census Bureau provides an adjustment factor (available in ADJUST), this is an imperfect solution. See the ACS income variables note for further details.
Concept:	Income Variables -- PERSON
Start Position:	221
End Position:	226
Width:	6
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesINCWAGE is a 7-digit numeric code reporting each respondent's total pre-tax wage and salary income - that is, money received as an employee - for the previous year. INCWAGE specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below by Census year (and data sample if specified). User Note: Amounts are expressed in contemporary dollars, and users studying change over time must adjust for inflation (See Description). INCWAGE Specific Variable Codes 999999 = N/A 999998 = Missing * .indent { text-indent: 10px; } * .lrgindent { text-indent: 85px; } INCWAGE Census Top Code 1940 $5,001 1950 $10,000 1960 $25,000 1970 $50,000 1980 $75,000 1990  $140,000* 2000   $175,000 ACS (2000-2002)   $200,000 ACS (2003-onward)  99.5th Percentile in State  PRCS (2005-onward)  99.5th Percentile in State

Variable: "INCWELFR"

Name:	INCWELFR
Label:	Welfare (public assistance) income
Variable Text:	INCWELFR reports how much pre-tax income (if any) the respondent received during the previous year from various public assistance programs commonly referred to as "welfare." Assistance from private charities was not included. The censuses collected information on income received from these sources during the previous calendar year; for the ACS and the PRCS, the reference period was the past 12 months. The following are included within INCWELFR: federal/state Supplemental Security Income (SSI) payments to elderly (age 65+), blind, or disabled persons with low incomes. (In the 2000 census, the ACS, and the PRCS, SSI payments are specified in INCSUPP only, not in INCWELFR); Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); and General Assistance (GA). (This does not include separate payments for hospital or other medical care.) Amounts are expressed in contemporary dollars, and users studying change over time must adjust for inflation (See INCTOT for Consumer Price Index adjustment factors). The exception is the ACS/PRCS multi-year files, where all dollar amounts have been standardized to dollars as valued in the final year of data included in the file (e.g., 2007 dollars for the 2005-2007 3-year file). Additionally, more detail may be available than exists in the original ACS samples. User Note: ACS respondents are surveyed throughout the year, and amounts do not reflect calendar year dollars. While the Census Bureau provides an adjustment factor (available in ADJUST), this is an imperfect solution. See the ACS income variables note for further details.
Concept:	Income Variables -- PERSON
Start Position:	227
End Position:	231
Width:	5
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesINCWELFR is a 5-digit numeric code reporting each respondent's pre-tax income (if any) received during the previous year from various public assistance programs commonly referred to as "welfare". INCWELFR specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below if applicable by Census year (and data sample if specified). User Note: Amounts are expressed in contemporary dollars, and users studying change over time must adjust for inflation (See Description). INCWELFR Specific Variable Codes 99999 = N/A * .indent { text-indent: 10px; } * .lrgindent { text-indent: 85px; } INCWELFR Census Top Code 1970 - 1980 $9,995 1990  $10,000* 2000   $12,300 ACS (2000)   $2,436 ACS (2001)   $2,200 ACS (2002)   $2,140 ACS (2003-2004)  99.5th Percentile in State** ACS (2005-onward) -  PRCS (2005-onward) -

Variable: "POVERTY"

Name:	POVERTY
Label:	Poverty status
Variable Text:	POVERTY treats respondents who live in families collectively. It expresses each family's total income for the previous year as a percentage of the poverty thresholds established by the Social Security Administration in 1964 and subsequently revised in 1980, adjusted for inflation (see the poverty definition page for more information). POVERTY assigns all members of each family - not each household - the same code. POVERTY is also calculated for most adults living as unrelated individuals. For the 1950-2000 censuses, the reference period for income is the previous calendar year; for the ACS and the PRCS, the reference period is the preceding 12 months from the date of interview. Whether an individual falls below the official "poverty line" depends not only on total family income, but also on the size of the family, the number of people in the family who are children, and the age of the householder (under/over age 65). POVERTY was created using detailed income and family structure information about each individual and calculating the family income as a percentage of the appropriate official poverty threshold. For example, if a person's family income is $20,000 and the poverty threshold for such a person is $13,861, then the value of POVERTY for that individual is $20,000/$13,861 * 100 percent, or 144. Individuals whose family income is more than five times the appropriate poverty threshold receive a POVERTY value of 501. For more detail on the precise poverty thresholds used for the POVERTY variable, see the poverty definition page. In POVERTY, the IPUMS evaluates poverty status individually for each distinct family unit in the household, as defined in FAMUNIT. For example, all persons related to the household head receive the same poverty value as the head, while an unrelated person and her child would share their own value distinct from that of the primary family. As mentioned in the FAMUNIT variable description, it is possible for individuals identified as being non-relatives of the head (RELATE) to be included in the primary family (FAMUNIT 1), based on family pointer information. However, because the POVERTY values for primary families in the 2000 Decennial and ACS/PRCS samples are published in the PUMS by the Census Bureau (see User Caution below) and the Census Bureau strictly excludes "non-relatives" (RELATED > 1100) from primary families, some individuals identified as FAMUNIT 1 by IPUMS USA will not have the same POVERTY value as the head of household. These individuals will instead have the single-person poverty calculation assigned to them by the Census Bureau. The original PUMS samples for years prior to 1990 did not include a poverty variable. Original PUMS samples from 1990 onward included poverty values, but IPUMS poverty values differ from the original PUMS values in a key way. The original PUMS samples treated all households members unrelated to the head as one-person families when assigning poverty values, even if such persons were part of a secondary family (i.e., persons living with their own relatives but not related to the household head). Thus, the original PUMS poverty measures do not account for the presence of children (or any other aspect of family size and composition) in secondary families. For example, in the original 1990 PUMS sample, a woman unrelated to the householder who has a child would receive a poverty value appropriate for a single person with a given income, rather than for a two-person family with a child. Consequently, the original PUMS samples from 1990 onwards tend to underestimate poverty. In the IPUMS, by contrast, the POVERTY value would be based on the threshold fitting the secondary family consisting of both the mother and the child. The IPUMS samples also round to the nearest poverty value, while the original census PUMS samples always round up. User Caution: The incomes of the highest-earning individuals are "top-coded" in the 2000 census data, the ACS and the PRCS samples (see 2000 income top codes). In the 2000-present period, for individuals in the first family unit of every household (cases where FAMUNIT=1), POVERTY uses the poverty values in the original PUMS samples, which are based on respondents' pre-top-coded income information. The POVERTY value for some of these cases will differ from calculations one could make by hand using the available information in the top-coded income variables. As noted above, the IPUMS calculates POVERTY values for members of secondary families, and these values are based on top-coded income information. (Like the ACS, the IPUMS also uses the income adjustment factor before calculating poverty, although use of this factor is not recommended with IPUMS data. See the ACS income standardization note for more information.) This variable also includes some valid values for group quarters (GQ) residents, even though the stated universe does not include such cases. Users who want to maintain a consistent universe should manually exclude group quarters residents.
Concept:	Income Variables -- PERSON
Start Position:	232
End Position:	234
Width:	3
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesPOVERTY is a 3-digit numeric code expressing each family's total income for the previous year as a percentage of the poverty thresholds established by the Social Security Administration in 1964 and subsequently revised in 1980, adjusted for inflation (See Poverty Definition Page). POVERTY specific variable codes for missing, edited, or unidentified observations, observations not applicable (N/A), observations not in universe (NIU), top and bottom value coding, etc. are provided below by Census year (and data sample if specified). POVERTY Specific Variable Codes 000 = N/A 001 = 1 percent or less of poverty threshold 501 = 501 percent or more of poverty threshold

Variable: "OCCSCORE"

Name:

OCCSCORE

Label:

Occupational income score

Variable Text:

OCCSCORE is a constructed variable that assigns occupational income scores to each occupation. The construction of this variable is described in "Integrated Occupation and Industry Codes and Occupational Standing Variables in the IPUMS" which users should read before using this variable. OCCSCORE assigns each occupation in all years a value representing the median total income (in hundreds of 1950 dollars) of all persons with that particular occupation in 1950. OCCSCORE thus provides a continuous measure of occupations, according to the economic rewards enjoyed by people working at them in 1950.

The OCCSCORE variable is based on OCC1950. Alternative measures of occupational standing measures that are based on OCC1950 are available in EDSCOR50, ERSCOR50, NPBOSS50, PRESGL, and SEI. For information on the construction of OCC1950 and occupational standing measures, see " Integrated Occupation and Industry Codes and Occupational Standing Variables in the IPUMS".

User caution: There is significant debate about the usefulness of composite measures of occupational standing (in the IPUMS, these variables include SEI, HWSEI, NPBOSS50, and NPBOSS90). We strongly urge researchers to read our user note on this issue and to familiarize themselves with the debates surrounding the use of these variables.

Concept:

Occupational Standing - SES Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

235

End Position:

236

Width:

2

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
00
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
52
54
58
60
61
62
63
79
80

Variable: "PWPUMA00"

Name:	PWPUMA00
Label:	Place of work: PUMA, 2000 onward
Variable Text:	PWPUMA00 identifies the location of the respondent's primary workplace, in terms of the Place-of-Work Public Use Microdata Area (POWPUMA), a Census Bureau-defined area of contiguous territory containing 100,000+ residents. POWPUMA codes are state-dependent, so PWPUMA00 must be combined with state codes (see PWSTATE2) to distinguish POWPUMAs in different states. IPUMS originally included "00" in the name of PWPUMA00 to indicate the variable's use of 2000 POWPUMA definitions, which are the smallest place-of-work units identified in source 2000 census samples and in 2005-2011 ACS/PRCS samples. IPUMS has, however, extended PWPUMA00 to also supply 2010 POWPUMA codes for 2012 and later ACS/PRCS samples. In contrast, the PWPUMA variable provides only 1990 POWPUMA codes and is available only for 1990 samples. Details on POWPUMA definitions, including maps, boundary files, and relationships to PUMAs: 2000 POWPUMAs (used in 2000 5% sample and 2005-2011 ACS/PRCS samples) 2010 POWPUMAs (used in 2012-onward ACS/PRCS samples) Codes in Multi-Year Samples: In Multi-Year ACS files, the meaning of PUMA codes depends on the year the respondent was interviewed (see MULTYEAR). Codes for 2011 or earlier responses are based on 2000 PUMA definitions, and codes for 2012 or later responses are based on 2010 definitions. For example, in the 2010-2012 3-year ACS sample, PWPUMA00 codes for 2010 and 2011 respondents identify 2000 POWPUMAs, while codes for 2012 respondents identify 2010 POWPUMAs.
Concept:	Place of Work and Travel Time Variables -- PERSON
Start Position:	237
End Position:	241
Width:	5
Variable Format:	numeric
Implied Decimal Places:	0
Coder Instructions:	CodesPWPUMA00 is a 5-digit numeric variable identifying the location of the respondent's primary workplace, in terms of the Place-of-Work Public Use Microdata Area (POWPUMA), a Census Bureau-defined area of contiguous territory containing 100,000+ residents. PWPUMA00-Specific Variable Codes 00000 = N/A or not identifiable 00001 = Did not work in the United States or in Puerto Rico Details on POWPUMA definitions, including maps, boundary files, and relationships to PUMAs: 2000 POWPUMAs (used in 2000 5% sample and 2005-2011 ACS/PRCS samples) 2010 POWPUMAs (used in 2012-onward ACS/PRCS samples)

Variable: "TRANWORK"

Name:

TRANWORK

Label:

Means of transportation to work

Variable Text:

TRANWORK reports the respondent's primary means of transportation to work on the most recent day worked (1970), or over the course of the previous week (the 1960 and 1980-2000 censuses, the ACS, and the PRCS). The primary means of transportation was that used on the most days or to cover the greatest distance.

Concept:

Place of Work and Travel Time Variables -- PERSON

Start Position:

242

End Position:

243

Width:

2

Variable Format:

numeric

Implied Decimal Places:

0

Categories

Value	Label
00	N/A
10	Auto, truck, or van
11	Auto
12	Driver
13	Passenger
14	Truck
15	Van
20	Motorcycle
31	Bus
32	Bus or trolley bus
33	Bus or streetcar
34	Light rail, streetcar, or trolley (Carro público in PR)
35	Streetcar or trolley car (publico in Puerto Rico, 2000)
36	Subway or elevated
37	Long-distance train or commuter train
38	Taxicab
39	Ferryboat
50	Bicycle
60	Walked only
70	Other
80	Worked at home

User Extract usa_00002.dat

§ 1. Document Description

Citation

§ 2. Study Description

Citation

Study Scope

Data Access - Use Statement

Study Notes

§ 3. File Description

File

§ 4. Variable Description

Variable: "YEAR"

Variable: "MULTYEAR"

Variable: "SAMPLE"

Variable: "SERIAL"

Variable: "CBSERIAL"

Variable: "HHWT"

Variable: "CLUSTER"

Variable: "STATEFIP"

Variable: "COUNTYFIP"

Variable: "METPOP10"

Variable: "CITY"

Variable: "PUMA"

Variable: "STRATA"

Variable: "HOMELAND"

Variable: "GQ"

Variable: "RENT"

Variable: "RENTGRS"

Variable: "HHINCOME"

Variable: "FOODSTMP"

Variable: "CIDATAPLN"

Variable: "CIHISPEED"

Variable: "CISAT"

Variable: "CIDIAL"

Variable: "CIOTHSVC"

Variable: "PERNUM"

Variable: "PERWT"

Variable: "FAMSIZE"

Variable: "NCHILD"

Variable: "SEX"

Variable: "AGE"

Variable: "RACE"

Variable: "RACED"

Variable: "HISPAN"

Variable: "HISPAND"

Variable: "BPL"

Variable: "BPLD"

Variable: "ANCESTR1"

Variable: "ANCESTR1D"

Variable: "ANCESTR2"

Variable: "ANCESTR2D"

Variable: "CITIZEN"

Variable: "YRSUSA1"

Variable: "LANGUAGE"

Variable: "LANGUAGED"

Variable: "TRIBE"

Variable: "TRIBED"

Variable: "HCOVANY"

Variable: "HCOVPRIV"

Variable: "HCOVPUB"

Variable: "EDUC"

Variable: "EDUCD"

Variable: "EMPSTAT"

Variable: "EMPSTATD"

Variable: "LABFORCE"

Variable: "OCC"

Variable: "IND"

Variable: "INCTOT"

Variable: "FTOTINC"

Variable: "INCWAGE"

Variable: "INCWELFR"

Variable: "POVERTY"

Variable: "OCCSCORE"

Variable: "PWPUMA00"

Variable: "TRANWORK"